path: root/benchmarks/dc22.dat

BEGIN NEW DATA CASE                                                             
C     BENCHMARK DC-22                                                           
C     Illustration of basic TACS logic that can be used to control the firing of
C     valves (thyristers) of an  ac/dc  converter bridge.   The electric network
C     actually has no valves,  however (TACS output signals are not used).   The
C     electric network passes balanced three-phase voltages to TACS via  Type-90
C     sources.   Summers convert to line-to-line voltages.   A  constant  firing
C     angle DELAY1 of 1.0 msec is used,  for simplicity.   TACS variables  FIRE1
C     through  FIRE6  should go back to electric network to control valves (only
C     FIRE1 is passed back, and for simplicity, just to a Type-60 source).
C     After this 1st small subcase, there is a 2nd, followed by 2 large subcases
C       11 November 1998,  add Type-10 source to illustrate saw-toothed waveform
C       Note:  program created on this date, or later, is required for use.
C       26 January 1999,  add Orlando Hevia's rectangular and positive-pulse
C       waveforms.  One new vector plot at end should be studied to understand.
PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 10, 2,
 .000500    .040 { Double T-max on 26 Jan 99 to show repetition of Hevia signals
       1       1       1       1       1      -1
      40       5
TACS HYBRID                                                                     
  PHA-B   +GENA   -GENB                                                         
  PHB-C   +GENB   -GENC                                                         
  PHC-A   +GENC   -GENA                                                         
90GENA                                                                          
90GENB                                                                          
90GENC                                                                          
98ZA-B  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    0.      PHA-B 
98ZB-A  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    1.      PHA-B 
98ZB-C  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    0.      PHB-C 
98ZC-B  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    1.      PHB-C 
98ZC-A  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    0.      PHC-A 
98ZA-C  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    1.      PHC-A 
98DELAY1        .001                                                            
98FIRE1 54+ZA-B                                           .001      DELAY1      
98FIRE4 54+ZB-A                                           .001      DELAY1      
98FIRE3 54+ZB-C                                           .001      DELAY1      
98FIRE6 54+ZC-B                                           .001      DELAY1      
98FIRE5 54+ZC-A                                           .001      DELAY1      
98FIRE2 54+ZA-C                                           .001      DELAY1      
33PHA-B PHB-C PHC-A ZA-B  ZB-A  ZB-C  ZC-B  ZC-A  ZA-C  GENA  GENB  GENC  FIRE1 
33FIRE4 FIRE3 FIRE6 FIRE5                                                       
BLANK card ending all TACS data
 0GENA                       1.0                                                
 0GENB                       1.0                                                
 0GENC                       1.0     
  FIRE1                      1.0                                           
  SAW                        1.0    { Load on sawtooth waveform }              1
  RECT                       1.0    { Load on rectangular waveform }           1
  PULSE                      1.0    { Load on positive pulse }                 1
  SINE                       1.0    { Load on reference sine wave }            1
BLANK card ending branch cards of the electric network
BLANK card ending switch cards of the electric network
14GENA           1.0       60.      -90.                                        
14GENB           1.0       60.       30.                                        
14GENC           1.0       60.      150.        
60FIRE1                                
C   Prior to  11 November 1998,  saw-toothed waveforms were not generated on the 
C   electrical side.   If needed,  they were generated in TACS and passed to the
C   electrical side just as the preceding Type-60 source illustrates.    Orlando
C   Hevia contributed the following centered sawtooth waveform that is based  on 
C   a Type-10 analytically-defined source.  Note that the signal is directly
C   generated on the electrical side (no need for TACS):
10SAW      100.0*(TIMEX-(TRUNC(TIMEX/0.010)*0.010))-0.5 { See Oct 98, newsletter
C        Orlando Hevia contributes rectangular waveform and positive pulse on
C        26 January 1999.  The rectangular waveform is trivial, so add it first:
10RECT     0.50*SIGN(SIN(TIMEX*314.1592))
C        The positive pulse is more involved.  More precisely,  documentation of
C        the parameters is more involved.   The following comment cards are from
C        Mr. Hevia (hope they are self-explanatory).
C W= PULSE WIDTH (DEGREES)
C X= ARCCOS(W/2)
C X= ARCCOS(30/2)= 0.9659
C P= PHASE IN DEGREES (THE START OF PULSE)
C Y= PHASE IN RADIANS 
C Y= (P+W/2)*3.141592/180.0
C Y= (45+30/2)*3.141592/180.0= 1.0472
C PULSE=   0.50*SIGN(COS(TIMEX*314.1592-Y     )-X     )+0.5
10PULSE    0.50*SIGN(COS(TIMEX*314.1592-1.0472)-0.9659)+0.5
C 10PULSE    -.25     { Offset the preceding downward by 1/4 to demonstrate superposition
C Preceding demonstrated the superposition of two sources on the same node.  But
C 3 were mistreated prior to correction 12 May 2001.  To prove that 3 now can
C be handled properly,  split the preceding  .25  into  .10  and  .15:
10PULSE    -.10     { Offset the preceding downward by .10 to demonstrate superposition
10PULSE    -.15     { Offset the preceding downward by .15 to demonstrate superposition
C        Finally, let's add Mr. Hevia's reference waveform.  This documents the
C        sign and phase of the rectangular waveform.  Plot will be beautiful.
10SINE     SIN(TIMEX*314.1592) { Reference signal (RECT is 1/2 the sign of this)
BLANK card ending source cards of the electric network
C  Next   4     output variables are branch currents (flowing from the upper node to the lower node);
C  Next   17     output variables belong to TACS (with "TACS" an internally-added upper name of pair).
C Step    Time     SAW       RECT      PULSE     SINE      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS
C                  TERRA     TERRA     TERRA     TERRA     PHA-B     PHB-C     PHC-A     ZA-B      ZB-A      ZB-C      ZC-B
C
C                  TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS      TACS
C                  ZC-A      ZA-C      GENA      GENB      GENC      FIRE1     FIRE4     FIRE3     FIRE6     FIRE5
C   0     0.0        0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C                    0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C   1   .5E-3       -.45       0.5      -.25  .1564344  -.569614  1.701371  -1.13176       0.0       1.0       1.0       0.0
C                    0.0       1.0  .1873813  .7569951  -.944376       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C   2   .1E-2        -.4       0.5      -.25  .3090169  -.253023   1.61042   -1.3574       0.0       1.0       1.0       0.0
C                    0.0       1.0  .3681246  .6211478  -.989272       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
BLANK card ending selective node voltage outputs (none)
C  80     .04        -.5       -.5      -.25  -.261E-5  1.582307  -1.40126  -.181049       1.0       0.0       0.0       1.0
C                    0.0       1.0  .5877853  -.994522  .4067366       1.0       0.0       0.0       1.0       0.0
C Variable maxima :  .45       0.5       .75       1.0  1.731671  1.728633  1.730532       1.0       1.0       1.0       1.0
C                    1.0       1.0       1.0  .9997807  .9991228       1.0       1.0       1.0       1.0       1.0
C Times of maxima :.0395     .5E-3     .0025      .005     .0055     .0165      .011     .0015     .5E-3     .5E-3     .0045
C                   .007     .5E-3     .0375      .032     .0265     .0035     .0025     .0025     .0065      .009
C Variable minima :  -.5       -.5      -.25       -1.  -1.73167  -1.73205  -1.73167       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C                    0.0       0.0       -1.  -.999781  -.999781       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C Times of minima :  .01     .0105       0.0      .015     .0305      .025     .0195       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
C                    0.0       0.0     .0125      .007      .018       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
  CALCOMP PLOT
 194 4. 0.0 40. -1.0 1.0BRANCH    { Show 2 cycles of the 4 Type-10 Hevia signals
                        SINE        RECT        PULSE       SAW
  PRINTER PLOT
 194 2. 0.0 20.         TACS  PHA-B TACS  FIRE1  { Axis limits: (-1.731,  1.732)
BLANK card ending plot cards
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
C    2nd  of 5 subcases of DC-22 is a hybrid TACS example of the TACS-controlled
C    resistance (Type-91 electric network branch type).   All-resistive electric
C    network allows easy checking with a pocket calculator at any step: For each
C    branch, verify that program node voltages and branch currents correspond to
C    the branch constraint equations  v = R * i.  There actually are two discon-
C    nected subnetworks,  with one having two TACS-controlled arcs (illustrating
C    use of the multivariable solution code of "ZINCOX") and the other having 1.
PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 11, 1,   { Reassert default choice (used before 25 Jan 99)
CHANGE PRINTOUT FREQUENCY
       5       5    
     .02     2.0         { Step size is immaterial since network has no dynamics
       1       1       1       1       1                                        
TACS HYBRID   { In a real case, arcs are on electric side, and equations in TACS
99RESIS   = 1.0 + SIN ( 3.0 * TIMEX )  { 1st R(t) signal -- constant + sine wave
99RES     = 1.0 + COS ( 3.0 * TIMEX )     { 2nd R(t) signal -- constant + cosine
33RESIS RES  { Output the only 2 TACS variables: the 2 R(t) resistance functions
77RESIS          1.0        { Initial condition on 1st R(t) insures smooth start
77RES            2.0        { Initial condition on 1st R(t) insures smooth start
BLANK card ending all TACS data
  BUS1  BUS2                 1.0   { Master copy of five 1-ohm resistors }     1
  BUS2  BUS3  BUS1  BUS2            { 2nd of 3 linear branches in 1st subnetwork
  BUS3        BUS1  BUS2            { 3rd of 3 linear branches in 1st subnetwork
  BUS1  BUS4  BUS1  BUS2         { 1st of 2 linear branches in second subnetwork
  BUS4        BUS1  BUS2         { 2nd of 2 linear branches in second subnetwork
91BUS2        TACS  RESIS   { R(t) controlled by TACS variable "RESIS" }       1
91BUS3        TACS  RES     { R(t) controlled by TACS  "RES" --- 2nd of 2 }    1
91BUS4        TACS  RES     { R(t) within 2nd, isolated subnetwork }           1
BLANK card ending electric network branches
BLANK card ending switches
11BUS1           1.0    { 1-volt battery excites ladder networks of both subnetw
BLANK card ending electric network source cards.
C  Step    Time     BUS4       BUS3       BUS2       BUS1       BUS2       BUS3 
C                                                               TERRA      TERRA
C     0     0.0       0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C     1     .02       0.4 .153846154 .384615385        1.0 .384615385 .076923077
C     2     .04 .39992797 .157235276 .393158988        1.0   .3709173 .078688436
 1                { Request all node voltage outputs.  Just 4: BUS1 through BUS4
C Last step:  100     2.0    .3976118 .127869158 .321592965      1.0  .484683228
C Last step cont.  .....  .065854649 .204776399 .678407035 .720584502 1.96017029
C Variable max : 0.4  .175860563 .464962112 1.0 .999366283 .342009625 .999533993
C Times of maxima :   .02        .28        .44        .02        1.6       1.02
  PRINTER PLOT                                    { Axis limits: (0.000,  2.000)
 193 .4 0.0 2.0         TACS  RESIS TACS  RES  { 1st of 2 plots is two TACS R(t)
 193 .4 0.0 2.0         BRANCH                    { Axis limits: (0.000,  9.995)
                        BUS2        BUS3        BUS4       { 3 R(t) arc currents
BLANK card ending plot cards
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
C     3rd  of  5  subcases illustrates the EMTP simulation of a rail gun or mass
C     driver.   It was contributed by  Wendell Neugebauer  as  described  in his
C     paper on the subject  (published in the Sept, 1990,  issue of  EMTP News).
C AUGMENTED RAILGUN (Mass driver) Simulation
C CAPACITOR BANK DRIVE 
C 65 CANS OF 65 kJ, 22kV FOR EACH OF 8 STAGES, TOTAL INITIAL ENERGY = 33.8 MJ
C  Wendell NEUGEBAUER
C  586 Middle Line Rd.
C  Ballston Spa, New York 12020
C  
C  March 20, 1990
C  Tel. (518) 885-6050 (home) (evenings only)
C
C This is a simulation of a mass driver as energized from a bank of charged 
C capacitors.  The individual switches are timed in synchronism with the
C position of the mass along the rails.   The physics of the driver itself
C are modelled under TACS using its pseudo FORTRAN equations to implement 
C Newton's laws.  The individual TACS statements are commented to show the
C particular variables being computed.  The storage capacitors and the 
C associated electrical network are modelled using standard EMTP components.
C      Note about time-step size.   Wendell Neugebauer's originally data
C      case used  DELTAT = 1.E-6  and  TMAX = 5.5 msec  as shown below on
C      comment cards.   But the simulation is slow.   By multiplying  DELTAT
C      by 5,  the simulation is speeded without significantly affecting the
C      PRINTER PLOT  of rail current. 
NEW LIST SIZES
       0       0      68       8     450      35     285       0       0       0
C      0       0    4700       0       0       0       0       0   12000       0
       0       0    4700       0       0       0       0      10    5000       0
       0       0     220
  240000  
C    Preceding dimensions are the same as used by the 4th subcase except that
C    List 18 is increased from 0 (default 5) to 10 and List 19 is reduced to
C    5K from 12K.  This addition of NLS is necessitated by the modification
C    of ATD immediately below.  In turn,  that change was necessitated by the
C    a change to SSTACS (for many years, TACS Table 1 has been overflowing).
ABSOLUTE TACS DIMENSIONS
C        Expand TACS Table 1 from 60 to 90 on  29 March 2007.  Orlando Hevia,
C        using F95 GNU,  discovered Table 1 need of  672 / 8  within  SSTACS:
C     60     270     300      60      90    1250     550     180 
      85     270     300      60      90    1250     550     180 
UNIQUE TACS SWITCH   { Halt if Type-91 or 93 TACS source is not uniquely defined
C    The preceding UTS is added during July of 2003.   The answer is unchanged.
C    This data case was picked only because both Type-91 and 93 sources exist.
C  1.E-6  5.5E-3      0.      0.                  ------  Orig. misc. data card
C      1      11       1       0       1      -1  ------  Orig. misc. data card
   5.E-6  5.0E-3      0.      0.              { Larger DELTAT speeds simulation                             
       1       3       1       0       1      -1       
       5       5      20      20     100     100     500     500                      
TACS HYBRID
C LIST OF INPUT CONSTANTS
C RAIL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (R. Hawkes method for including skin effect)
C with the units ohms/amperes**0.75
11RRAIL0     5.53E-5                                               -1.
C RAIL INDUCTANCE GRADIENT, H/m
11LPRIME    .5765E-6                                               -1.
C PROJECTILE MASS, kg
11MASS         2.500                                               -1.
C LENGTH OF RAIL, m
11XRAIL          8.0                                               -1.
C Muzzle discharge resistor, ohms
11RDUMP        8.E-3                                               -1.
C final rail inductance, H
11LRAILF      4.6E-6                                               -1.
C final rail resistance, ohms
11RRAILF     2.63E-4                                               -1.
C augmenting rail inductance, H
11LAUG        4.2E-6                                               -1.
C augmenting rail resistance, ohms
11RAUG        1.0E-4                                               -1.
C Mutual inductance gradient, augmenting to main rail, H/m
11DMDX        .35E-6                                               -1.
C Friction approximation coefficient, fraction of applied force
11FMISC          0.2                                               -1.
C Initial projectile position, m
11XINIT           0.                                               -1.
C Projectile initial velocity, m/s
11VINIT        738.0                                               -1.
C Rail mass ablation coefficient, kg/A/V/s
11ALPHA       49.E-9                                               -1.
C Threshold current for for computing effective arc drop
11ITHRES     100000.                                               -1.         
C Bore diameter, m
11BORE          0.09                                               -1.
C Velocity of sound in the medium within rails, m/s
11VSOUND       346.0                                               -1.
C Coefficient for computing shock force
11GAMMA         1.40                                               -1.
C Ambient pressure, N/m**2
11PAMB       1.013E5                                               -1.
C positions of mass along the rails where the various switches close
11XA            0.25                                               -1.
11X2             .50                                               -1.
11X3            1.00                                               -1.
11X4            1.70                                               -1.
11X5            2.10                                               -1.
11X6            2.70                                               -1.
11X7            3.00                                               -1.
C 
C THIS CONCLUDES THE TACS SOURCES. 
C 
C LIST OF EMTP SOURCES
C       VBREECH FROM EMTP
90VBR   
C        IRAIL FROM EMTP
91IRAIL
C 
C
C --- EMTP NODE VOLTAGES ON 8 CAPACITORS. USED TO TRIGGER CROWBAR DIODES.      
90NODE01                                                                       
90NODE02                                                                       
90NODE03                                                                       
90NODE04                                                                       
90NODE05                                                                       
90NODE06                                                                       
90NODE07                                                                       
90NODE08                                                                       
C --- EMTP SWITCH STATUS  0 = OPEN  1 = CLOSED                                 
C --- USED TO KEEP CROWBAR DIODES ON ONCE THEY ARE TRIGGERED.                  
93NODE17                                                                       
93NODE18                                                                       
93NODE19                                                                       
93NODE20                                                                       
93NODE21                                                                       
93NODE22                                                                       
93NODE23                                                                       
93NODE24                                                                       
C ---                                                                          
C --- SUPPLEMENTAL DEVICES                                                     
C
C --- COMPUTE GRID SIGNALS FOR CROWBAR DIODES
C --- GRID SIGNALS (N1-N8) TURN ON  WHEN THE CAPACITOR VOLTAGE IS LESS THAN 0. 
88N1      = - NODE01                                                           
88N2      = - NODE02                                                           
88N3      = - NODE03                                                           
88N4      = - NODE04                                                           
88N5      = - NODE05                                                           
88N6      = - NODE06                                                           
88N7      = - NODE07                                                           
88N8      = - NODE08                                                           
C 
C
C SUPPLEMENTAL DEVICES
C SIMPLE RAILGUN MECHANICS
C COMPUTE MECHANICAL FORCE ON THE PROJECTILE INCL. AUGMENTATION
88FMECH   =.5*(1.0-FMISC)*(LPRIME+2.*DMDX)*ABS(IRAIL)**2-FSHOCK
C USE LINEAR MODEL FOR SOLID ARMATURE ARC VOLTAGE DROP
88GNARC   =45.+31.43*TIMEX*1000.
C COMPUTE RATE OF MASS ABLATION FROM THE RAILS
88MDOT    =(ALPHA*ABS(IRAIL)*ABS(GNVOLT))*FLAG1
C COMPUTE VDOT = PROJECTILE ACCELERATION, INCLUDE TIME DELAY OF ONE
C STEP FOR STABILITY
  VEL1    +VEL
88VDOT    =((FMECH-VEL1*MDOT)/MASS1)*FLAG1
C COMPUTE MACH NUMBER, PRESSURE RATIO, AND SHOCK FORCE
88MACH    =VEL1/VSOUND
88PR      =GAMMA*(GAMMA+1.)/4.*ABS(MACH)**2+1
88PRATIO  =PR+GAMMA*MACH*ABS(((ABS(MACH)**2*ABS((GAMMA+1.))**2/16.+1.)))**0.5
88FSHOCK  =PI*BORE**2/4*PRATIO*PAMB
C  
C COMPUTE RESET SIGNAL FOR FIRST LAUNCH 
C FLAG1 IS 1 AS LONG AS PROJECTILE IS IN BARREL
C Introduce one time step delay for stability of computation
  X1      +X
88FLAG1   =(TIMEX .GT. (2.*DELTAT)).AND.(X1.LE.XRAIL)
88FLAG4   =(TIMEX .GT. (2.*DELTAT))
88FLAG5   =NOT(FLAG1)
C  
C COMPUTE MASS1, PROJECTILE PLUS ABLATED RAIL MASS
88MASS1 58+MDOT                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 MASS
C INTEGRATE VDOT TO GET VELOCITY OF MASS
88VEL   58+VDOT                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 VINIT
C INTEGRATE VELOCITY TO GET PROJECTILE POSITION
88X     58+VEL                                       1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 XINIT
C  COMPUTE THE INSTANTANEOUS RAIL INDUCTANCE
88LRAIL   =LPRIME*ABS(X1)*FLAG1+FLAG5*LRAILF
C  COMPUTE THE INSTANTANEOUS RAIL RESISTANCE
88RRAIL   =FLAG1*RRAIL0*ABS(X1)**0.75+FLAG5*RRAILF                           
C COMPUTE INSTANTANEOUS MUTUAL INDUCTANCE, AUGMENTING TO MAIN RAILS
88M       =DMDX*(FLAG1*X1+FLAG5*XRAIL)
C
C CALCULATE THE POWER AND ENERGY DELIVERED TO THE RAILS
88PBR     =VBR*IRAIL
88EBR   58+PBR                                       1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE SHOCK POWER AND ENERGY
88PSHOCK  =FSHOCK*VEL*FLAG1
88ESHOCK58+PSHOCK                                    1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE ARC POWER AND ENERGY
88PARC    =IRAIL*GNVOLT*FLAG1
88EARC  58+PARC                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE MIXING POWER AND ENERGY
88PMIX    =0.5*VEL**2*MDOT*FLAG1
88EMIX  58+PMIX                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE THE DUMP RESISTOR POWER AND ENERGY
88PMUZ    =RDUMP*(ABS(IRAIL-I3A)**2)
88EMUZ  58+PMUZ                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG5 ZERO
C CALCULATE PROJECTILE CHANGE IN KINETIC ENERGY
88DKE     =0.5*MASS*(VEL**2-VINIT**2)
C CALCULATE ABLATED PLASMA CHANGE IN KINETIC ENERGY
88PLSMKE  =0.5*(MASS1-MASS)*VEL**2
C CALCULATE INSTANTANEOUS RAIL HEAT POWER AND ENERGY
88HPOWR   =ABS(IRAIL)**2*RRAIL
88HEAT  58+HPOWR                                     1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C COMPUTE AUGMENTING RAIL LOSS
88PAUG    =IRAIL*IRAIL*RAUG
88EAUG  58+PAUG                                      1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE FRICTION POWER AND ENERGY
88PFRIC   =VEL*0.25*FMISC*(FMECH+FSHOCK)*FLAG1
88EFRIC 58+PFRIC                                     1.0   0.0   1.0FLAG4 ZERO
C CALCULATE TRAPPED MAGNETIC ENERGY WITHIN RAIL MATERIAL (ASSUMPTION)
88ETRAP   =3.0*EFRIC
C COMPUTE ENERGY STORED IN RAIL AND MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
88ESTORE  =(.5*LRAIL+.5*LAUG+M)*IRAIL*IRAIL
C COMPUTE ENERGY BALANCE DYNAMICALLY-should equal zero-conservation of energy
88EBAL    =EBR-ETRAP-EFRIC-HEAT-PLSMKE-DKE-EMUZ-EMIX-EARC-ESHOCK-ESTORE-EAUG
C  
C COMPUTE INJECTION CURRENTS     I1,   I2,   I3
C THESE CURRENTS EFFECTIVELY REPRESENT THE BACK EMF OF THE MOVING MASS
88I1      =(IRAIL*(RRAIL-RRAILF)/RRAILF)*FLAG1
88I2A     =(IRAIL*(LRAIL-LRAILF)/LRAILF)*FLAG1+M*IRAIL*FLAG4/LRAILF
88I2      =I2A-I1
C  Compute the effective arc voltage
88GNVOLT  =SIGN(IRAIL)*GNARC*(1.-EXP(-ABS(IRAIL)/ITHRES))                      
88I3A     =((IRAIL*(-RDUMP)+GNVOLT)/RDUMP)*FLAG1
88I3      =I3A-I2A
C COMPUTE INJECTION CURRENT DUE TO MUTUAL EFFECTS
88I4I     =M*IRAIL/LAUG
88I4O     =-I4I
C
C CAPACITOR SWITCHING FLAGS BASED UPON PROJECTILE POSITION
88FLAG11  =X .GT. XA
88FLAG12  =X .GT. X2
88FLAG13  =X .GT. X3
88FLAG14  =X .GT. X4
88FLAG15  =X .GT. X5
88FLAG16  =X .GT. X6
88FLAG17  =X .GT. X7
C  
C TACS OUTPUTS
C 111111222222333333444444555555666666777777888888999999AAAAAABBBBBBCCCCCCDDDDDD
33VDOT  VEL   X     MASS1 IRAIL I1    I2    I3    FMECH MDOT  ESTOREVBR   EAUG
33EBR   ESHOCKEARC  EMIX  EMUZ  DKE   PLSMKEHEAT  EFRIC ETRAP EBAL
BLANK card that ends TACS data cards
C EMTP CIRCUIT INPUT FOLLOWS
C --- ELECTRIC NETWORK BRANCHES.                                               
C --- SERIES R-L-C BRANCHES                                                     
$VINTAGE, 1                                                                    
C --- RC SNUBBER ACROSS RAIL GUN                                     
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
 0I1                                 0.033                           4.5E2     4
C --- RAIL FINAL RESISTANCE  R_RF                                              
 0I1    I2                         2.63E-4                                     
C --- RAIL FINAL INDUCTANCE  L_LF                                              
 0I2    I3                                          4.6E-3                     
C --- DUMP RESISTANCE  R_DUMP                                                  
 0I3                                8.0E-3                     
C --- CAPACITORS C = 16116 MICRO FARADS , R_FUSE = 223 MICRO OHMS               
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0NODE01                           223.E-6                          17459.     4
 0NODE02      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE03      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE04      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE05      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE06      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE07      NODE01                                                           4
 0NODE08      NODE01                                                           4
C --- IGNITRON SWITCHES R_SWITCH = 30 MICRO OHMS, L_SWITCH = 0.35 MICRO HENRIES
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0NODE09NODE25                      30.E-6         0.35E-3                      
 0NODE10NODE26NODE09NODE25                                                      
 0NODE11NODE27NODE09NODE25                                                     
 0NODE12NODE28NODE09NODE25                                                     
 0NODE13NODE29NODE09NODE25                                                     
 0NODE14NODE30NODE09NODE25                                                     
 0NODE15NODE31NODE09NODE25                                                     
 0NODE16NODE32NODE09NODE25                                                     
C --- INDUCTORS    R_IND = 250 MICRO OHMS,  L_IND = 20 MICRO HENRIES           
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0NODE33NODE41                      75.E-6          3.0E-3                     
 0NODE34NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE35NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE36NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE37NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE38NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE39NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
 0NODE40NODE41NODE33NODE41                                                     
C --- INTERNAL BUSWORK  R_INT = 25 MICRO OHMS  L_INT = 1 MICRO HENRY           
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0NODE25NODE33                      25.E-6          1.0E-3                     
 0NODE26NODE34NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE27NODE35NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE28NODE36NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE29NODE37NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE30NODE38NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE31NODE39NODE25NODE33                                                     
 0NODE32NODE40NODE25NODE33                                                     
C --- DIODE IMPEDANCE: R_DIODE = 73 MICRO OHMS , L_DIODE = 0.2 MICRO HENRIES   
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0      NODE17                      73.E-6          0.2E-3                    
 0      NODE18      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE19      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE20      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE21      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE22      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE23      NODE17                                                     
 0      NODE24      NODE17                                                     
C --- EXTERNAL BUSWORK:  R_BUS =  37.3 MICRO OHMS, L_BUS = 0.47 MICRO HENRIES  
C                         RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC     
 0NODE41VBR                        37.3E-6         0.47E-3
 0VBR   I4I                          1.E-4
 0I4I   I4O                                         4.2E-3                   
 0I4O   IRAIL                       1.0E-9
$VINTAGE, 0                                                                    
BLANK card after last electric network branch                                                      
C INPUT SWITCH CARDS HERE
  IRAIL I1          -1.0   1000.00                                             1
C --- SWITCH DATA.                                                             
C --- 8 IGNITRON SWITCHES                                                      
C ---         <---TCLOSE<----TOPEN                                             
  NODE01NODE09        0.    50.E-3                                             
C ---              TACS CONTROLLED SWITCHES USING FLAGS
13NODE02NODE10                                                        FLAG11  1
13NODE03NODE11                                                        FLAG12  1 
13NODE04NODE12                                                        FLAG13  1 
13NODE05NODE13                                                        FLAG14  1 
13NODE06NODE14                                                        FLAG15  1 
13NODE07NODE15                                                        FLAG16  1 
13NODE08NODE16                                                        FLAG17  1 
C 
C --- DIODE DATA: 8 CROWBAR DIODES. (TACS CONTROLLED)                          
C --- GRID SIGNAL TURNS ON DIODE, TACS SIGNAL KEEPS THE DIODE ON REGARDLESS    
C --- OF "RINGING VOLTAGE" ACROSS THE DIODE.  THIS HELPS TO SMOOTH THE SOLUTION 
C --- ESPECIALLY WHEN THE BANKS ARE TRIGGERED AT DIFFERENT TIMES.              
C <---N1<---N2<------VON<----IHOLD<---TEDION          CLOSED    <-GRID<-TACS  XX
11NODE17NODE25        0.        0.        0.                    N1    NODE17  10
11NODE18NODE26        0.        0.        0.                    N2    NODE18  10
11NODE19NODE27        0.        0.        0.                    N3    NODE19  10
11NODE20NODE28        0.        0.        0.                    N4    NODE20  10
11NODE21NODE29        0.        0.        0.                    N5    NODE21  10
11NODE22NODE30        0.        0.        0.                    N6    NODE22  10
11NODE23NODE31        0.        0.        0.                    N7    NODE23  10
11NODE24NODE32        0.        0.        0.                    N8    NODE24  10
BLANK card ends all switch cards                                                   
C SOURCE CARDS follow ....
C MASS DRIVER EQUIVALENT CURRENT SOURCES
60I1    -1
60I2    -1
60I3    -1                                                                      
60I4I   -1
60I4O   -1
C        --------------+------------------------------
C        From bus name |  Names of all adjacent busses.
C        --------------+------------------------------
C               I1     |TERRA *I2    *IRAIL *
C               I2     |I1    *I3    *
C               I3     |TERRA *I2    *
C               NODE01 |TERRA *NODE09*
C               NODE02 |TERRA *NODE10*
C               NODE03 |TERRA *NODE11*
C               NODE04 |TERRA *NODE12*
C               NODE05 |TERRA *NODE13*
C               NODE06 |TERRA *NODE14*
C               NODE07 |TERRA *NODE15*
BLANK card after last electric network source                                                                             
C --- INITIAL CONDITIONS: INITIAL VOLTAGE ON THE 8 CAPACITORS                  
 2NODE01          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE02          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE03          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE04          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE05          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE06          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE07          22.E3                                                        
 2NODE08          22.E3                                                        
C --- INITIAL CONDITIONS: LINEAR BRANCH CURRENTS                               
 3NODE01                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE02                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE03                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE04                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE05                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE06                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE07                   0.          22.E3                                   
 3NODE08                   0.          22.E3                                   
C --- LIST OF NODE VOLTAGE OUTPUT REQUESTS
  NODE01I1                                                                     
C Step   Time      I1         NODE01     NODE02     NODE03     NODE04     NODE05
C                  TERRA      TERRA      TERRA      TERRA      TERRA      TERRA 
C      
C                  I1         IRAIL      I1         NODE01     NODE02     NODE03
C                              I1         TERRA      TERRA      TERRA      TERRA 
C
C                    NODE08     TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS  
C                   TERRA      VDOT       VEL        X          MASS1      IRAIL 
C 
C                   TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS        TACS   
C                   MDOT       ESTORE     VBR        EAUG       EBR       ESHOCK 
C
C                   TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS       TACS
C                   PLSMKE     HEAT       EFRIC      ETRAP      EBAL
C ***        Switch  "IRAIL "  to  "I1    "  closed before  0.00000000E+00  sec.
C ***        Switch  "NODE01"  to  "NODE09"  closed  after  0.00000000E+00  sec.
C  0      0.0         0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C  1    .5E-5  .1346699E7  -.13272E9 .163913E-3 .163913E-3 .163913E-3 .163913E-3 
C              227.865632 6033.34599 3.36674866  -331.8007 .409782E-9 .409782E-9 
C              .409782E-9        0.0       738.        0.0        2.5 6033.34599 
C                     0.0   262.0891 10364.4902        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 -262.81712
C  2    .1E-4  .1028069E8  -.35417E9        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C              663.274543 16104.2329 32.4352182 -1549.0272 .819564E-9 .819564E-9 
C              .819564E-9        0.0       738.        0.0        2.5 16104.2329 
C                     0.0 1867.29349 14205.3015        0.0        0.0        0.0 
C                     0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 -1873.9365
C   Warning.  The powers (NODE01, TERRA)  through  (NODE07, TERRA)  should be
C   -------   zero initially.  But these are floating (near) zeros.  The problem
C             comes from the current.  Turning the debugger on or off may change
C             these from near zeros to exact zeros,  or vice versa.  The  SUBTS2
C             computation involves the cancellation of 2 very large numbers to
C             give the current.  If numbers such as 1.E-4 are seen,  this is the
C             best that can be guaranteed using 64 bits.  WSM + THL, 8 August 96
BLANK card ending node voltage outputs                                          
C            Valve   "NODE22"  to  "NODE30"  closing after  2.56000000E-03  sec.
C            Switch  "NODE08"  to  "NODE16"  closing after  2.61500000E-03  sec.
C            Valve   "NODE23"  to  "NODE31"  closing after  2.93000000E-03  sec.
C            Valve   "NODE24"  to  "NODE32"  closing after  3.10000000E-03  sec.
C  1000  .005  .9701709E8 .1788576E8  .114869E8 .3849588E9 -.530779E9 -.327226E9 
C              4394.39452 857904.981 5103.30646 -.415356E7 -.407104E7 -.389447E7 
C              -.387852E7        0.0 2415.92363 8.18382873 2.53769379 857904.981 
C                     0.0 .5299207E7 -4437.3114 872163.762 .1706545E8 272689.202 
C              110003.436 .1023366E7 353147.438 .1059442E7 181783.733
C Variable max: .102486E9 .3091743E9 .141619E10 .316849E10  .38723E10  .31399E10 
C              4394.39452 .1634357E7 5103.30646        0.0 .286847E-7 .553206E-7 
C              .214316E-6 534570.044 2415.92363 8.18382873 2.53769379 .1634357E7 
C              10.1502923 .9999568E7 22826.1693 872163.762  .170705E8 272689.202 
C              110003.436 .1023366E7 353147.438 .1059442E7 297386.202
C Times of max:    .00499    .001105     .00109      .0013     .00178     .00235 
C                    .005     .00152       .005        0.0     .35E-3    .675E-3 
C                 .002615    .001515     .00493       .005     .00493     .00152 
C                 .002975      .0029     .45E-4       .005    .004895     .00493 
C                  .00493       .005     .00493     .00493    .004925
  PRINTER PLOT  
 194 1. 0.0 5.5         TACS  IRAIL               { Axis limits: (0.000,  1.634)
BLANK card ending plot cards
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
C        4th of 5 subcases illustrates the modeling of Static Var Control (SVC).
C        Contributed to ATP materials of the Can/Am user group February 1992 by:
C          Gabor B. Furst Consultants            Kurt G. Fehrle, Consultant     
C          #203 - 1745 Martin Drive              705 Westtown Circle
C          White Rock/ South Surrey B.C.         West Chester, PA 19382
C          CANADA  V4A 6Z1                       USA
C          Phone: 604-535-6540                   Phone: 610-344-0432 
C          FAX:   604-535-6548
C        In July of 1993,  Mr. Furst revised it again in preparation for his use
C        of it at Prof. Ned Mohan's University of Minnesota short course there.
C   Size  1-10:    43    63    56     3   230    18   167     0     0     0
C   Size 11-20:     0    15  3602 -9999 -9999     0     0     0110679     0
C   Size 21-29:     0     0   105     0 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999
NEW LIST SIZES
       0       0      68       8     450      35     285       0       0       0
       0       0    4700       0       0       0       0       0   12000       0
       0       0     220
  240000  
C  *********** A GENERIC 6 PULSE SVC MODEL ************************************
C
C     This is a conceptual model only, it must be refined
C     for any specific system; the control algorithm can be greatly improved.
C
C    6 pulse 100 MVAR TCR-SVC connected to a 230/34.5 kV Y/D transformer;
C    TCR's connected in delta.
C
C    Thyristor gating pulses are phase locked to the current zero transition
C    in an auxiliary reactor (RMAB,RMBC,RMCA), which could be an oversized PT;
C    individual phase open loop VAR control is used, with a superimposed.
C    slow voltage control.
C
C    The disturbance is the on/off switching of a 52.3 MVA, 0.7 p.f., 34.5 kV
C    load (XLA/B/C). The SVC response can be obtained by plotting the r.m.s
C    value of the 34.5 kV phase to phase voltages, which are the TACS variables
C    TXNAB/BC/CA.  To obtain the response on the 34.5 kV bus without the SVC,
C    the thyristors have to be blocked.  One way of doing this is to punch
C    1000000. in col. 17-24 of the thyristor switches 11.
C
C    To get the SVC overall response plot the transformer ph-ph r.m.s secondary
C    voltage  TXNA (TACS), or VILLAVG (TACS) for the av. value of the three
C    ph-ph r.m.s. voltages
C
C    To get the VAR import/phase through the transformer secondary
C    plot QINA (TACS)
C
C    To get the transformer secondary voltage (instant.) plot TRSA
C
C    TRSA-XLA shows the switching of the phase to phase load
C
C    RXAB-TRSB plots the current through one AB arm of the thyristor bridge
C
C    For sake of simplicity, some of the TACS variables have not been
C    initialized, so ignore the first 25 ms of the plots.
C
C    If in the "Superimposed Voltage Control Section the gain
C    of DVQ is set to zero, the model reverts to open loop VAR control
PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 13, 2,
ALLOW EVEN PLOT FREQUENCY { See April, 1998, newsletter (to allow IPLOT = 2 below)
C      For best results,  do  not  use a time step more than 1/2 Degree  (23.148
C      microsec for 60 Hz).  Here, to speed the illustration, we use twice that,
C      & only simulate for half as long (extend to 0.5 sec for more transients).
C      Free-format  data  input  is used in order to specify  DELTAT  precisely:
C               DELTAT   TMAX  XOPT  COPT  EPSILN  TOLMAT
C .0000462962962962963,  0.25,  60.,     ,       ,       ,               , , , , ,
C      That was the old, brute-force way.  Alternative finesse first was made
C      available on 19 August 1998.  As long as columns 1-16 involve no decimal
C      point,  dT and T-max are replaced by points/cycle & end time in cycles:
     360      15     60.   { Points per cycle,  simulation time in cycles,  XOPT
       1       4       1       2       1      -1
       5       5      20      20     100     100     500     500
TACS HYBRID
C
C   Firing pulses are derived from the current through the measuring inductances
C   RMAB, RMBC and RMCA as explained above.  Device 91 imports the current into
C   TACS from the  measuring switches connecting the RM's in delta,
C   corresponding to the delta connected thyristor valves.
C
C   The current lags the voltage 90 deg. and its zero transition produces
C   the firing signal at an alpha of 90 deg.
C   This is done by TACS level triggered switches Device 52.
C   The firing pulse delay is calculated by the variables DELAB/BC/CA
C   and implemented by TACS transport device Device 54;
C
C   For convenience, the firing angle is initialized to alpha = 180 deg.
C   by the constant of DELIN, where DELA is 4.167 ms for a 60 Hz system.
C   The required firing angle is then calculated backwards from the
C   180 deg. point, by using the variable DELYA(B,C).
C   The actual firing angle is then DELAB = DELIN -DELYA etc.
C   for the other phases. The minimum firing  angle is limited by DELYA = 4.167 ms.
C   Then DELAB= DELIN - DELYA =0.0 (90 deg.)
C   DELIN = 4.167 ms.; DELAB =0.0 corresponds to minimum alpha 90 degrees.
C   For 50 Hz,  DELIN = 5.0 ms.
C
C       *********** VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE REFERENCE *************
11VREFD          1.0
C   VAR reference
C   the TCR rating is 100 MVA 3ph; the per phase is 33.3 MVAR or 1.00 p.u.;
C   initial load through the 230/34.5 kV tranformer is 45 MVAR or 15 MVAR/phase;
C   equal to 0.45 p.u. giving approx. 90% bus voltage at 34.5 kV;
C   this is taken as reference; Q divided by QTCR =33.3 MVAR will be Q p.u.
88QTCR    = 33.3*10**6
C    The VAR reference QREF should be determined so that the superimposed
C    voltage control changes the VAR flow as little as possible
88QREF    = 0.30
C
C    ***********  VOLTAGES TRANSFERRED FROM NETWORK  *************
C
C ******* Import 34.5 kV phase voltages, get phase to phase and normalize *****
C  TRSA/B/C are the transformer secondary ph-g voltages
C  90 - TACS voltage source driven by an EMTP network node voltage
C   (Rule Book p. 3-15)
90TRSA
90TRSB
90TRSC
C     the phase to phase voltages
99TRAB    =  TRSA - TRSB
99TRBC    =  TRSB - TRSC
99TRCA    =  TRSC - TRSA
C      normalize to get one p.u. for the phase to phase rms value
99TABX    =  TRAB/34500
99TBCX    =  TRBC/34500
99TCAX    =  TRCA/34500
C      get the rms value of the A-B phase to phase voltage
C      Device 66 (Rule Book p. 3-32)
99TXNAB 66+TABX                                      60.
99TXNBC 66+TBCX                                      60.
99TXNCA 66+TCAX                                      60.
C
C **************  PHASE A  FIRING PULSES **************************************
C
C  91 - TACS;  current source driven by an EMTP network current (Rule B.p 3-15)
91RMAB
C    send square impulse at current zero Device 52 (Rule B. p. 3-21)
88FAB1  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.     0      RMAB
88FAB2  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    -1      RMAB
C        to shift impulse by DELAB delay required Type 54 (Rule B. p. 3-23)
98FIAB1 54+FAB1                                          .0000      DELAB
98FIAB2 54+FAB2                                          .0000      DELAB
C     for a 50 Hz system the constant .004167 below should be changed to 0.005
88DELIN   = .004167  {  to initialize alpha to 180 deg.
C
C *************  PHASE B  FIRING PULSES  *************************************
C
91RMBC
88FBC1  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.     0      RMBC
88FBC2  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    -1      RMBC
98FIBC1 54+FBC1                                          .0000      DELBC
98FIBC2 54+FBC2                                          .0000      DELBC
C
C ************  PHASE C  FIRING PULSES   *************************************
C
91RMCA
88FCA1  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.     0      RMCA
88FCA2  52+UNITY                                      1.    0.    -1      RMCA
98FICA1 54+FCA1                                          .0000      DELCA
98FICA2 54+FCA2                                          .0000      DELCA
C
C *************  OPEN LOOP VAR CONTROL **************************
C     ****  WITH SUPERIMPOSED VOLTAGE CONTROL ***********
C
C    the following will be repeated for all three phases as the SVC
C
C      ************  RACTIVE POWER FLOWS  *********
C
C  calclate VAR transfer at transf. secondary
91TRXA              { 34.5 kV side current through transformer
C     Device 53 is transpoert delay or signal phase shifting (Rule Book p. 3-22)
88TRIA  53+TRXA                                         .00417 .0043
88TRVA  53+TRSA                                         .00417 .0043
C    the following equation for calculating VAR flow is from
C    Miller: Reactive power Control etc. (text book)   p. 321
88QINA    =( -TRSA * TRIA * 0.5  +  TRXA * TRVA * 0.5 ) / QTCR
C
91TRXB
88TRIB  53+TRXB                                         .00417 .0043
88TRVB  53+TRSB                                         .00417 .0043
88QINB    =( -TRSB * TRIB * 0.5  +  TRXB * TRVB * 0.5 ) / QTCR
C
91TRXC
88TRIC  53+TRXC                                         .00417 .0043
88TRVC  53+TRSC                                         .00417 .0043
88QINC    =( -TRSC * TRIC * 0.5  +  TRXC * TRVC * 0.5 ) / QTCR
C
C  ********************  SUPERIMPOSED VOLTAGE CONTROL ********************
C
C     ********   DELTA Q  TO ADJUST VOLTAGE ************
C    the average value of phase to phase voltage is
 0VLLAVG  +TXNAB  +TXNBC  +TXNCA                   .3333   .85  1.15
C   the difference between ref. and actual voltage is
C   slow down the response by a (1/1+st) block
 1DVQ     +VLLAVG -VREFD                           50.0   -1.0   1.0
       1.0
       1.0     0.500
C   the required VAR import taking voltage correction into account
 0QRNEW   +QREF   +DVQ
C *****************  PHASE A  ERROR ******************************************
C
C  error in VAR import
 0ERRQA   +QRNEW  -QINA
 0QINCRA  +ERRQA
C       the new reactor output is then given by the Steinmetz Algorithm as
C       the output at T-delT  + QINCRA + QINCRB - QINCRC;
C       as shown below in calculating the new SVC VAR's
C ******************  PHASE B  ERROR  ****************************************
C
 0ERRQB   +QRNEW  -QINB
 0QINCRB  +ERRQB
C
C ******************  PHASE C  ERROR *****************************************
C
 0ERRQC   +QRNEW  -QINC
C
 0QINCRC  +ERRQC
C
C
C ****************  PHASE A  PULSE DELAY CONTROL  ****************************
C       the current firing angle is DELAB, this corresponds to an old reactor
C       p.u. current given by the following non linear relation corresponding
C       to the x = sigma-sin(sigma) function
99DLA1    =  1 - DELAB/.004167
C  where DLA1 is the normalized conduction angle sigma between firing
C  angle alpha 90 and 180 degrees.
C
99REOAB 56+DLA1
             0.0             0.0
           0.111          0.0022
           0.222          0.0176
           0.333          0.0575
           0.444          0.1306
           0.555          0.2414
           0.666          0.3900
           0.777          0.5718
           0.888          0.7783
           1.000          1.0000
           9999.
C         the new reactor current demanded is  the increment plus the old
C         which is QINCRA + QINCRB - QINCRC + REOAB  and is min. 0.0 max. 1.0
C         this is applying the Steinmetz algorithm
 0INREAB  +QINCRA +REOAB  +QINCRB -QINCRC                 0.00  1.00
C         this is now reconverted into an angle, using the inverse of the
C         above relation, and becomes the new DELAB; (Rule Book p. 3-25 )
99DELYAA56+INREAB
             0.0             0.0
          0.0022           0.111
          0.0176           0.222
          0.0575           0.333
          0.1306           0.444
          0.2414           0.555
          0.3900           0.666
          0.5718           0.777
          0.7783           0.888
          1.0000           1.000
           9999.
99DELYA   =DELYAA * 0.004167
C        now smooth it out a bit
 1DELAB   +DELIN  -DELYA                             1.0       .0040
       1.0
       1.0     0.015
C
C ******************  PHASE B  PULSE DELAY CONTROL **************************
C
99DLB1    =  1 - DELBC/.004167
C
99REOBC 56+DLB1
             0.0             0.0
           0.111          0.0022
           0.222          0.0176
           0.333          0.0575
           0.444          0.1306
           0.555          0.2414
           0.666          0.3900
           0.777          0.5718
           0.888          0.7783
           1.000           1.000
           9999.
C
 0INREBC  +QINCRB +REOBC  +QINCRC -QINCRA                 0.00  1.00
C
99DELYBB56+INREBC
             0.0             0.0
          0.0022           0.111
          0.0176           0.222
          0.0575           0.333
          0.1306           0.444
          0.2414           0.555
          0.3900           0.666
          0.5718           0.777
          0.7783           0.888
           1.000           1.000
           9999.
99DELYB   =DELYBB * 0.004167
C
 1DELBC   +DELIN  -DELYB                             1.0      0.0040
       1.0
       1.0     0.015
C
C ***************  PHASE C  PULSE DELAY CONTROL ******************************
C
99DLC1    =  1 - DELCA/.004167
C
99REOCA 56+DLC1
             0.0             0.0
           0.111          0.0022
           0.222          0.0176
           0.333          0.0575
           0.444          0.1306
           0.555          0.2414
           0.666          0.3900
           0.777          0.5718
           0.888          0.7783
           1.000           1.000
           9999.
C
 0INRECA  +QINCRC +REOCA  +QINCRA -QINCRB                 0.00  1.00
C
99DELYCC56+INRECA
             0.0             0.0
          0.0022           0.111
          0.0176           0.222
          0.0575           0.333
          0.1306           0.444
          0.2414           0.555
          0.3900           0.666
          0.5718           0.777
          0.7783           0.888
           1.000           1.000
           9999.
99DELYC   =DELYCC * 0.004167
C
 1DELCA   +DELIN  -DELYC                             1.0      0.0040
       1.0
       1.0     0.015
C
C *****************  REACTOR SWITCHING ***************************************
C
C   control signals to switch reactive load 'XLA/B/C' on and off
C   see TYPE 12 switches in power network.
C     TACS source (Rule Book p. 3-14)
23FRLA         1000.     0.200     0.100                           0.2
23FRLB         1000.     0.200     0.100                           0.2
23FRLC         1000.     0.200     0.100                          10.0
C
C    initializations
77VLLAVG         1.0
77TXNAB          1.0
77QRNEW          .30
77QINA           .30
77QINB           .30
77QINC           .30
C
C        *********  TACS OUTPUTS ************
C
33TXNAB TXNBC TXNCA ERRQA VLLAVG
33QRNEW DVQ   QINA
BLANK   end of TACS
C
C    **************   NETWORK DATA  *********************
C
C         *********  LINE TO SOURCE ***********
C
C          transmission line (equivalent) from GEN source to transformer
  GENA  TRFA                 4.5  25.0
  GENB  TRFB                 4.5  25.0
  GENC  TRFC                 4.5  25.0
C     fault level at trsf. 230 kV approx. 2083 MVA
C
C      **************   MAIN TRANSFORMER  **************
C
C         transformer capacitance to ground 10000pF
C       a very simple model, can be replaced with any more complex model
C            transformer  230000/34500 Y/D 100 MVA; In=250 A
C             x = 7.0% on 100 MVA
C       230^2/100* 0.07 = 37.0 ohms trsf. leakage reactance
C TRANSFORMER busref      imag  flux  busin rmag          empty
C ------------______------______------______------_____________________________-
C
C      no saturation
  TRANSFORMER                0.7 700.0     X
             0.7           700.0        {   100%
            9999
 1TRPA                      0.80  36.0  1330
 2TRXA  TRXB                      1.00   385      {372
  TRANSFORMER      X                       Y
 1TRPB
 2TRXB  TRXC
  TRANSFORMER      X                       Z
 1TRPC
 2TRXC  TRXA
C
C         transformer capacitance to ground and ph - ph 10000pF
  TRXA                                 0.01
  TRXB                                 0.01
  TRXC                                 0.01
C         capacitance between phases
  TRXA  TRXB                           0.01
  TRXB  TRXC                           0.01
  TRXC  TRXA                           0.01
C
C      ***********  HARMONIC FILTERS  ***************
C
C       5th harmonic filter  20 MVAR
  TRSA  TF5                       2.38 44.5
  TRSB  TF5                       2.38 44.5
  TRSC  TF5                       2.38 44.5
C       7th harmonic filter  20 MVAR
  TRSA  TF7                       1.21 44.5
  TRSB  TF7                       1.21 44.5
  TRUC  TF7                       1.21 44.5
C
C      ********  TRANSFORMER SECONDARY LOAD ***************
C                       75 MW, 30 MVAR
  TRSA  ND                 13.67  5.47
  TRSB  ND                 13.67  5.47
  TRSC  ND                 13.67  5.47
C
C         shunt capacitor    20 MVAR
  TRSA                                 44.5
  TRSB                                 44.5
  TRSC                                 44.5
C       **********  SWITCHED REACTOR FOR SVC RESPONSE TEST *********
C
C        switched reactor .1 sec. on .1 sec. off
C           see switch type 13 below and type 23 source in TACS
C           24.7 MVA, 0.7 p.f.,17.5 MW, 17.5 MVAR load
  XLA   NSR                34.00 34.00
  XLB   NSR                34.00 34.00
  XLC   NSR                34.00 34.00
C
C
C         **************  SNUBBERS  **************
C
C         the snubber parameters shown below are not necessarily the
C         values a manufacturer would choose for a 34.5 kV valve.
C         The parameters were selected so that only a small currrent flows
C         through the control reactor with the valves non conducting,
C         and overvoltages and spikes interfering with the firing control
C         are prevented.  It is quite possible that a better combination
C         than that shown exists.
C
C       in series with valves
C
  CATAB RXAB                 .1
  ANOAB RXAB                 .1
  CATAB RXAB                       4.0
  ANOAB RXAB                       4.0
C
  CATBC RXBC                 .1
  ANOBC RXBC                 .1
  CATBC RXBC                       4.0
  ANOBC RXBC                       4.0
C
  CATCA RXCA                 .1
  ANOCA RXCA                 .1
  CATCA RECA                       4.0
  ANOCA RXCA                       4.0
C
C   across valves
C
  CATAB TRSA               2000.         .1
  ANOAB TRSA               2000.         .1
C
  CATBC TRSB               2000.         .1
  ANOBC TRSB               2000.         .1
C
  CATCA TRSC               2000.         .1
  ANOCA TRSC               2000.         .1
C
C      *************   SVC CONTROLLED REACTOR   *************
C
C     reactor in  TCR  appr. 100.0 MVA   Xr = 3 * 34.5^2/100 =35.71 ohm
  RXAB  TRSB                 0.1 35.71                                         1
  RXBC  TRSC                 0.1 35.71
  RXCA  TRSA                 0.1 35.71
C
C       ***************   REACTOR FOR FIRING PULSE GENERATION ******
C
C      Fire angle reference measurement using delta connected reactors
C       TRSA - RMXA is just a dummy separation from the main 34.5 kV bus
  TRSA  RMXA                0.01                                               1
  TRSB  RMXB                0.01
  TRSC  RMXC                0.01
C    The reactors are delta connected through measuring switches below
  RMAB  RMXB               200. 20000.
  RMBC  RMXC               200. 20000.
  RMCA  RMXA               200. 20000.
C
BLANK    end of branch data
C      ***************   SWITCH  DATA ***************8
C
C  current measurement in the auxiliary reactor for firing pulse generation
C   these switches complete the delta connection of the reactors
C   (Rule Book p.6A-9)
  RMXA  RMAB                                          MEASURING
  RMXB  RMBC                                          MEASURING
  RMXC  RMCA                                          MEASURING
C
C       current measurement in the main transformer secondary
  TRXA  TRSA                                          MEASURING                1
  TRXB  TRSB                                          MEASURING                0
  TRXC  TRSC                                          MEASURING                0
C       current measurement in the main transformer primary
  TRFA  TRPA                                          MEASURING                1
  TRFB  TRPB                                          MEASURING                0
  TRFC  TRPC                                          MEASURING                0
C
C    switch for on/off switching the 17.5 MVAR resistive-reactive load
C   (Rule Book p. 6C-1)
12TRSA  XLA                                                     FRLA          11
12TRSB  XLB                                                     FRLB          10
12TRSC  XLC                                                     FRLC          10
C
C   VALVES
C     6 valves, 2 per phase, 3ph. 6 pulse supply to TCR
C    Rule Book p. 6B-1
11TRSA  CATAB        00.   15.0                                 FIAB1         1
11ANOAB TRSA         00.   15.0                                 FIAB2         1
11TRSB  CATBC      0000.   15.0                                 FIBC1         1
11ANOBC TRSB        000.   15.0                                 FIBC2         1
11TRSC  CATCA      0000.   15.0                                 FICA1         1
11ANOCA TRSC        000.   15.0                                 FICA2         1
C
BLANK    end of switch data
C
C    AC sources
C    230 kV  supply
14GENA       187794.       60.        0.                           -1.
14GENB       187794.       60.      240.                           -1.
14GENC       187794.       60.      120.                           -1.
C --------------+------------------------------
C From bus name |  Names of all adjacent busses.
C --------------+------------------------------
C        GENA   |TRFA  *
C        TRFA   |GENA  *TRPA  *
C        GENB   |TRFB  *
C        TRFB   |GENB  *TRPB  *
C        GENC   |TRFC  *
C        TRFC   |GENC  *TRPC  *
C             X |TERRA *TERRA *TRPA  *
C        TRPA   |TRFA  *     X*
C        TRXA   |TERRA *TRXB  *TRXB  *TRXC  *TRXC  *TRSA  *
C        TRXB   |TERRA *TRXA  *TRXA  *TRXC  *TRXC  *TRSB  *
BLANK   end of source cards
C     Total network loss  P-loss  by summing injections =   9.766831747973E+07
C  Output for steady-state phasor switch currents.
C      Node-K    Node-M            I-real            I-imag            I-magn          Degrees        Power            Reactive
C      RMXA      RMAB         -3.58276847E-01   -2.79310857E+00    2.81599321E+00     -97.3095    2.25048004E+04    3.95893953E+04
C      RMXB      RMBC         -2.15903199E+00    1.67914276E+00    2.73513063E+00     142.1267    2.24866103E+04    3.77703877E+04
C      RMXC      RMCA          2.51730884E+00    1.11396581E+00    2.75277380E+00      23.8705    2.24781027E+04    3.69196208E+04
C      TRXA      TRSA          1.87366412E+03   -5.12826995E+02    1.94257787E+03     -15.3071    2.92045856E+07   -1.15739798E+07
C      TRXB      TRSB         -1.84783216E+03   -1.48829687E+03    2.37265911E+03    -141.1510    3.63691255E+07   -1.14600036E+07
C      TRXC      TRSC         -2.58319590E+01    2.00112387E+03    2.00129059E+03      90.7396    3.11027262E+07   -4.48411843E+06
C      TRFA      TRPA          3.59043573E+02    9.36972121E+01    3.71067992E+02      14.6259    3.34033086E+07   -1.05190303E+07
C      TRFB      TRPB         -1.76142866E+02   -3.36446952E+02    3.79766851E+02    -117.6338    3.53040617E+07   -3.27502311E+06
C      TRFC      TRPC         -1.82900707E+02    2.42749740E+02    3.03940957E+02     126.9963    2.81187847E+07   -4.63098619E+06
C 1st gen:   GENA    187794.     187794.      359.04357262628  371.06799188975      .337131143389E8  .348421712345E8
C 1st gen:              0.0          0.0      93.697212129556       14.6259048      -.87978871273E7        0.9675951
  TRSA  TRFA               { Names of nodes for which voltage is to be outputted
C   Step      Time        TRSA         TRFA         TRXA         TRFA         TRSA         RXAB         TRSA         TACS
C                                                   TRSA         TRPA         XLA          TRSB         RMXA         TXNAB
C
C                         TACS         TACS         TACS         TACS         TACS         TACS         TACS
C                         TXNBC        TXNCA        ERRQA        VLLAVG       QRNEW        DVQ          QINA
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -3.5827685E-01                     Switch  "RMXA  "  to  "RMAB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -2.1590320E+00                     Switch  "RMXB  "  to  "RMBC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  2.5173088E+00                     Switch  "RMXC  "  to  "RMCA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  1.8736641E+03                     Switch  "TRXA  "  to  "TRSA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.8478322E+03                     Switch  "TRXB  "  to  "TRSB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -2.5831959E+01                     Switch  "TRXC  "  to  "TRSC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  3.5904357E+02                     Switch  "TRFA  "  to  "TRPA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.7614287E+02                     Switch  "TRFB  "  to  "TRPB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.8290071E+02                     Switch  "TRFC  "  to  "TRPC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C      %%%%%   Floating subnetwork found!   %%%%%%  %%%%%%  %%%%%%  %%%%%%
C      %%%%%  The elimination of row  "NSR   "  of nodal admittance matrix [Y] has produced a near-zero diagonal value  Ykk =
C             0.00000000E+00   just prior to reciprocation.  The acceptable minimum is  ACHECK = 7.63336829E-12   (equal to EPSILN
C             times the starting Ykk).   This node shall now to shorted to ground with  1/Ykk = FLTINF.
C      0       0.0     25855.428  188520.7342  1873.664121  359.0435726          0.0  .8977594404  -2.87558569          0.0
C                            0.0          0.0          0.0          1.0          0.3          0.0          0.3
C      1 .46296E-4   26190.60084  188656.0309  1882.328634  357.3536908          0.0  .8251974241  -2.80696162  .0854224562
C                     .050813098  .0346093582  .3019675015          .85  .3019675015  .0019675015          0.0
C  Valve   "ANOBC "  to  "TRSB  "  closing after  9.25925926E-05  sec.
C      2 .92593E-4   26517.79623  188733.8621  1890.419856  355.5549605          0.0   .752384056  -2.73748258  .1209236949
C                    .0710411015   .049896216   .301272907          .85   .301272907   .001272907          0.0
BLANK  end of output requests
C  Valve   "TRSB  "  to  "CATBC "  closing after  2.40231481E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "TRSA  "  to  "CATAB "  opening after  2.41388889E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "ANOAB "  to  "TRSA  "  closing after  2.42638889E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "ANOCA "  to  "TRSC  "  opening after  2.44351852E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "TRSC  "  to  "CATCA "  closing after  2.45138889E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "TRSB  "  to  "CATBC "  opening after  2.46574074E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "ANOBC "  to  "TRSB  "  closing after  2.48611111E-01  sec.
C  Valve   "ANOAB "  to  "TRSA  "  opening after  2.49675926E-01  sec.
C   5400       .25   24620.31357  180704.5964  887.7133221  311.5182977  310.0730625  18.04597752  -2.55047538   .999668036
C                    1.002620895   1.00418338   -.05590233  1.002057221  .5408201644  .2408201644  .5967224946
C Variable maxima :  30965.63617  188749.4575  2719.683362  461.7713374  506.9005859  1315.892083  4.520536227  1.084424099
C                    1.091008223   1.08827864  .3019675015  1.085619064  .5823416906  .2823416906  .8205355066
C Times of maxima :  .0344444444  .1388889E-3  .2030092593        .2025   .235787037  .0044907407  .0224537037  .0396759259
C                    .0401851852  .0358796296   .462963E-4  .0400925926  .1684722222  .1684722222  .2031481481
C Variable minima :  -31985.2128  -187338.374  -2784.38662  -483.591685   -508.17585  -1284.74425  -4.58557455          0.0
C                            0.0          0.0  -.564929157          .85  .1001935452  -.199806455          0.0
C Times of minima :  .0266666667  .0252314815  .2112962963  .2103703704  .2441203704       .19625  .0309259259          0.0
C                            0.0          0.0  .0118981481   .462963E-4  .0158333333  .0158333333   .462963E-4
  PRINTER PLOT
 193.02 0.0 .25  .94 1.0TACS  TXNAB    { Limits [.94, 1.0] amplify the transient
BLANK   end of plot requests
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
C        5th of 5 subcases illustrates the modeling of Static Var Control (SVC).
C        This is very similar to the preceding 4th case except that here newer
C        MODELS  replaces  TACS  for the control system modeling.   The same
C        Gabor Furst of suburban Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada contributed
C        this during February of 1995 (see January and April newsletters).  To
C        speed the simulation,  TMAX = 0.6  has been reduced to  0.10 sec.
NEW LIST SIZES
       0       0      68       8     450      35     285       0       0       0
       0       0    4700       0   64800       0       0       0       0       0
C      0       0     220                                  126000
       0       0     220                              30  126000 { 16 March 2007
C   About the preceding 2 lines, List 27 default = 26 resulted in TACS1 overflow 
C   Since year 1 (1995),  this went undetected until Orlando Hevia's G95 testing
  240000     742
PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 11, 1,   { Restore defaults after preceding aberations
C DELTAT    TMAX    XOPT    COPT  EPSILN  TOLMAT
C 46.296-6   0.600     60.  ----  Gabor Furst's original data card
.0000462962962962963,  0.100,  60.,     ,       ,       ,              , , , , ,
C   the time step is the cycle time 1/60 sec. divided by 360 degrees
C   IOUT   IPLOT  IDOUBL  KSSOUT  MAXOUT    IPUN  MEMSAV    ICAT  NENERG  IPRSUP
C   9999       1       0       1       1                       
       1       3       1       2       1      -1
       5       5      20      20     100     100     500     500
C    The running of this MODELS file requires the latest version of TPbig
C    with the increased list sizes for MODELS
C
C    The example demonstrates a generic SVC connected to  a 230/34.5 kV
C    step-down transformer, with an SVC reactor rating of 100 MVA.
C    The SVC is tested by switching on and off a 25 MVA 0.7 p.f.
C    load on the 34.5 kV bus
C           plot vatiable 'vllavg' for SVC response
C ==============================================================================
MODELS
  INPUT trma {v(TRSA)}  -- transf. sec. voltage
        trmb {v(TRSB)}
        trmc {v(TRSC)}
--
        irab {i(RMAB)} --  aux. reactor delata current
        irbc {i(RMBC)}
        irca {i(RMCA)}
--
        itra {i(TRXA)}  -- transf. sec. current
        itrb {i(TRXB)}
        itrc {i(TRXC)}
--
        rxab {i(TRXA)}  -- main reactor current
        rxbc {i(TRXB)}
        rxca {i(TRXC)}
--
   OUTPUT             --  firing signals
        FIAB1, FIAB2,  FIBC1,  FIBC2,  FICA1, FICA2   -- firing signals
        FRLA,   FRLB,  FRLC  --  reactor switching
--
MODEL svcmod    -- MODELS version of DC 22 subcase 4
--
--
DATA  omega {dflt: 2*pi*freq}
      dt {dflt :0.25/freq}
--
CONST freq {val: 60}
      tper {val: 1/freq}
      qtcr {val: 33.3*1E+6}       -- p.u. SVC reactor rating/phase
      qref {val: 0.00}            -- set 0 for this example
      delin {val: 0.25/freq}      -- initialization for firing delay (60Hz)
      tpimp {val: 0.200}          --  test reactor switching cycle
       ton  {val: 0.100}           -- reactor on time
       tstart {val: 0.3}           -- start of switching reactors
--
VAR
  tt, vllavg, vllmax, vll12p , qrnew, ttt1, ttt2, ttt3
   dvq, error, fdb,  vref, verr, inreact, delyi
   vtrsec[1..3], vtrff[1..3]
   f1[1..3], f2[1..3], ficat[1..3], fian[1..3],del[1..3],i,k,l,ir[1..3]
   vrms[1..3], itr[1..3], tri[1..3], trv[1..3], qin[1..3]
   errq[1..3], qincr[1..3]
--
  HISTORY    vtrsec[1..3] {dflt:[0,0,0]}   -- transf. ph-g voltages
             vtrff[1..3] {dflt:[0,0,0]}    -- transf. ph-ph voltages
--
             dvq {dflt: 0}      -- forward block output
             error {dflt: 0}    -- error signal
             fdb {dflt: 0}      -- feedback
--
             ir[1..3] {dflt :[0,0,0]}   -- aux. reactor delata current
            itr[1..3] {dflt :[0,0,0]}   -- trsf. sec. current
            del[1..3] {dflt :[0,0,0]}   --  firing pulse delay angles
--
   INPUT  trma  {dflt: trma}   -- trsf sec. voltage ph-g
          trmb  {dflt: trmb}
          trmc  {dflt: trmc}
--
          irab {dflt: irab}    --  svc reactor currents
          irbc {dflt: irbc}
          irca {dflt: irca}
--
          itra {dflt: itra}    -- transf. sec. current
          itrb {dflt: itrb}
          itrc {dflt: itrc}
--
          rxab {dflt: 0}        --  main reactor delta current
          rxbc {dflt: 0}
          rxca {dflt: 0}
--
   OUTPUT
       ficat[1..3], fian[1..3]  -- firing signals to thyristors
       ttt1, ttt2, ttt3         -- control signal to switch reactors
--
   INIT
          vref:= 1.0             -- reference voltage
          verr:= 0               -- voltage error
          tt   := timestep/tper  --  integration multiplier
          vrms[1..3] := 0
          ficat[1..3]:= 0        -- firing pulse to cathode
          fian[1..3]:= 0         --  firing pulse to anode
          qin[1..3]:= 0.3        --  rective power
          ttt1:= 0               --  test rector breaker control
--
  ENDINIT
--
DELAY CELLS DFLT: 100
      CELLS(vtrsec[1..3]):500
      CELLS(vtrff[1..3]):500
--
--    liearization of angel versus p.u. current through thyristors
  FUNCTION dely POINTLIST
--          angle          current
         (    0.0,          0.0)
         ( 0.0022,        0.111)
         ( 0.0176,        0.222)
         ( 0.0575,        0.333)
         ( 0.1306,        0.444)
         ( 0.2414,        0.555)
         ( 0.3900,        0.666)
         ( 0.5718,        0.777)
         ( 0.7783,        0.888)
         ( 1.0000         1.000)
--
--          **************   EXEC ****************
EXEC
--       convert to arrays
       ir[1..3] := [irab, irbc, irca]
       vtrsec[1..3] := [trma, trmb, trmc]
--
--       control signals for the type 12 switches in EMTP
--       to switch test reactors
--        the following is a pulse train  0.1/0.1 on/off  starts at 0.2 s
     ttt1:=  AND((t-tstart) MOD  tpimp < ton , t-tstart)
       ttt2 := ttt1
       ttt3 := ttt1
--
--      form phase to phase voltages and normalize
       vtrff[1] :=(trma - trmb)/34500
       vtrff[2] :=(trmb - trmc)/34500
       vtrff[3] :=(trmc - trma)/34500
--
--      calculation of voltage rms values
   FOR i := 1 TO 3 DO
  vrms[i]:= sqrt(vrms[i]**2 + tt*(vtrff[i]**2 - delay(vtrff[i], tper)**2))
  ENDFOR
--
--      calculate reactive through transformer
--                qina, qinb, qinc
--     see DC22-3 for explanation
      itr[1..3]  := [itra, itrb, itrc]
      FOR i:= 1 TO 3 DO
      tri[i]:= delay(itr[i],tper/4)
      trv[i]:= delay(vtrsec[i],tper/4)
      qin[i] := (-vtrsec[i]*tri[i] * 0.5 + itr[i]* trv[i] * 0.5)/ qtcr
      ENDFOR
--
--      generate firing pulses  500 microsec wide
--
       if t> timestep then
--
       FOR i := 1 TO 3 DO
          f1[i]:= AND(ir[i] >= 0, delay(ir[i],0.0005) < 0 )
          f2[i]:= AND(ir[i] <= 0, delay(ir[i],0.0005) > 0 )
       ENDFOR
--       delayed pulses caclulated
--       by var and voltage control
      FOR i:= 1 TO 3 DO
      ficat[i] := delay(f1[i],del[i]) -- cathode
      fian[i]  := delay(f2[i],del[i]) -- anode
      ENDFOR
      endif
--          average  ph-ph voltage normalized
    vllavg := 0.3333 * (vrms[1] + vrms[2] + vrms[3]) {max: 1.15 min : 0.85}
--
--      alternative to above but not used in this model
--      12 pulse rectfication with output smoothed  alternative to rms signal
--      smoothing rough, should be done with 120 c/s filter, not used here
--      shown as possible alternative only
--   vllmax := (max(abs(vtrff[1]), abs(vtrff[2]), abs(vtrff[3])))/1.41
--   laplace(vll12p/vllmax) := 1.0|s0 / ( 1|s0 + 0.030|s1 )
--
--     voltage error forward and feedback loop
      verr:= vllavg - vref
--     combine endcombine used because forward - feedback loop
    COMBINE  AS first_group
       error   := sum( 1|vllavg - 1|vref - 1|fdb)
--                     forward gain . 1/1+stdelay
       laplace(dvq/error)  :=  400.0|s0/(1.0|s0 + 0.003|s1)
--                      derivative feedback
       claplace(fdb/dvq ) :=  0.005|s1 / (1.0|s0 + 0.012|s1 )
    ENDCOMBINE
--
     FOR i := 1 TO 3 DO
--    total error   the qref - qin[i] component may be omitted
--                  it is usefull for unbalanced loads
       errq[i]  := (dvq + qref - qin[i]){ min:0 max:1.0}
     ENDFOR
--           calculate new firing angles
--          phase A
      FOR  i:= 1 TO 3 DO
      k:= (i+4) mod 3   if k=0 then k:=3  endif   -- k is phase B
      l := (i+5) mod 3  if l=0 then l:= 3  endif  -- l is phase C
--    apply phase unbalance correction
      inreact:=  errq[i]  + errq[k] -errq[l] {max: 1.0  min: 0.0}
--    linearize and convert from firing angle to time delay
      delyi  := delin - dely(inreact ) * dt
      claplace(del[i]/delyi){dmax: (dt-0.0001) dmin: 0.0}:=
             1.0|s0/(1.0|s0 + 0.005|s1)
      ENDFOR
--
ENDEXEC
ENDMODEL
USE svcmod AS test
  INPUT trma:= trma   trmb:= trmb    trmc:= trmc
        irab:= irab   irbc:= irbc    irca:= irca
        itra:= itra   itrb:= itrb    itrc:= itrc
--
  OUTPUT  FIAB1 := ficat[1]  FIAB2 := fian[1]   FIBC1 := ficat[2]
          FIBC2 := fian[2]   FICA1 := ficat[3]  FICA2 := fian[3]
          FRLA  := ttt1      FRLB  := ttt2      FRLC  := ttt3
ENDUSE
C
RECORD test.vrms[1] AS vrmsab
       test.vrms[2] AS vrmsbc
       test.vrms[3] AS vrmsca
       test.vllavg AS vllavg
       test.error  AS error
       test.dvq    AS dvq
       test.fdb    AS fdb
       test.verr   AS verr
ENDMODELS
C    **************   NETWORK DATA  *********************
C
C         *********  LINE TO SOURCE ***********
C
C          transmission line (equivalent) from GEN source to transformer
  GENA  TRFA                 4.5  25.0
  GENB  TRFB                 4.5  25.0
  GENC  TRFC                 4.5  25.0
C     fault level at trsf. 230 kV approx. 2083 MVA
C
C      **************   MAIN TRANSFORMER  **************
C
C         transformer capacitance to ground 10000pF
C       a very simple model, can be replaced with any more complex model
C            transformer  230000/34500 Y/D 100 MVA; In=250 A
C             x = 7.2% on 100 MVA
C       230^2/100* 0.07 = 37.0 ohms trsf. leakage reactance
C TRANSFORMER busref      imag  flux  busin rmag          empty
C ------------______------______------______------_____________________________-
C
C      no saturation
  TRANSFORMER                0.7 700.0     X
             0.7           700.0        {   100%
            9999
 1TRPA                      0.80  36.0  1330
 2TRXA  TRXB                      1.00   375      {385
  TRANSFORMER      X                       Y
 1TRPB
 2TRXB  TRXC
  TRANSFORMER      X                       Z
 1TRPC
 2TRXC  TRXA
C
C         transformer capacitance to ground and ph - ph 10000pF
  TRXA                                 0.01
  TRXB                                 0.01
  TRXC                                 0.01
C         capacitance between phases
  TRXA  TRXB                           0.01
  TRXB  TRXC                           0.01
  TRXC  TRXA                           0.01
C
C      ***********  HARMONIC FILTERS  ***************
C
C       5th harmonic filter  20 MVAR
  TRSA  TF5                       2.38 44.6                                    1
  TRSB  TF5                       2.38 44.6
  TRSC  TF5                       2.38 44.6
C       7th harmonic filter  10 MVAR
  TRSA  TF7                       2.43 22.3                                    1
  TRSB  TF7                       2.43 22.3
  TRUC  TF7                       2.43 22.3
C
C      ********  TRANSFORMER SECONDARY LOAD ***************
C                       70 MW, 30 MVAR
  TRSA  ND                 13.67  5.47
  TRSB  ND                 13.67  5.47
  TRSC  ND                 13.67  5.47
C
C         shunt capacitor    20 MVAR
  TRSA                                 44.5
  TRSB                                 44.5
  TRSC                                 44.5
C       **********  SWITCHED REACTOR FOR SVC RESPONSE TEST *********
C
C        switched .1 sec. on .1 sec. off
C           see switch type 13 below and type 23 source in TACS
C           25.0 MVA, 0.7 p.f.,17.5 MW, 17.5 MVAR load
C
  XLA   NSR                 34.0  34.0
  XLB   NSR                 34.0  34.0
  XLC   NSR                 34.0  34.0
C
C         **************  SNUBBERS  **************
C
C         the snubber parameters shown below are not necessarily the
C         values a manufacturer would choose for a 34.5 kV valve.
C         The parameters were selected so that only a small currrent flows
C         through the control reactor with the valves non conducting,
C         and overvoltages and spikes interfering with the firing control
C         are prevented.  It is quite possible that a better combination
C         than that shown exists.
C
C       in series with valves
C
  CATAB RXAB                 .1
  ANOAB RXAB                 .1
  CATAB RXAB                       4.0
  ANOAB RXAB                       4.0
C
  CATBC RXBC                 .1
  ANOBC RXBC                 .1
  CATBC RXBC                       4.0
  ANOBC RXBC                       4.0
C
  CATCA RXCA                 .1
  ANOCA RXCA                 .1
  CATCA RECA                       4.0
  ANOCA RXCA                       4.0
C
C   across valves
C
  CATAB TRSA               2000.         .1
  ANOAB TRSA               2000.         .1
C
  CATBC TRSB               2000.         .1
  ANOBC TRSB               2000.         .1
C
  CATCA TRSC               2000.         .1
  ANOCA TRSC               2000.         .1
C
C      *************   SVC CONTROLLED REACTOR   *************
C
C     reactor in  TCR  appr. 100.0 MVA   Xr = 3 * 34.5^2/100 =35.71 ohm
  RXAB  TRSB                 0.1 35.71                                         1
  RXBC  TRSC                 0.1 35.71
  RXCA  TRSA                 0.1 35.71
C
C       ***************   REACTOR FOR FIRING PULSE GENERATION ******
C
C      Fire angle reference measurement using delta connected reactors
C       TRSA - RMXA is just a dummy separation from the main 34.5 kV bus
  TRSA  RMXA                0.01                                               1
  TRSB  RMXB                0.01
  TRSC  RMXC                0.01
C    The reactors are delta connected through measuring switches below
  RMAB  RMXB               200. 20000.
  RMBC  RMXC               200. 20000.
  RMCA  RMXA               200. 20000.
C
BLANK    end of branch data
C      ***************   SWITCH  DATA ***************8
C
C  current measurement in the auxiliary reactor for firing pulse generation
C   these switches complete the delta connection of the reactors
C   (Rule Book p.6A-9)
  RMXA  RMAB                                          MEASURING                1
  RMXB  RMBC                                          MEASURING                1
  RMXC  RMCA                                          MEASURING                1
C
C       current measurement in the main transformer secondary
  TRXA  TRSA                                          MEASURING
  TRXB  TRSB                                          MEASURING
  TRXC  TRSC                                          MEASURING
C       current measurement in the main transformer prinmary
  TRFA  TRPA                                          MEASURING
  TRFB  TRPB                                          MEASURING
  TRFC  TRPC                                          MEASURING
C
C    switch for on/off switching the 36.6 MVAR resistive-reactive load
C   (Rule Book p. 6C-1)
12TRSA  XLA                                                     FRLA           1
12TRSB  XLB                                                     FRLB           1
12TRSC  XLC                                                     FRLC           1
C
C   VALVES
C     6 valves, 2 per phase, 3ph. 6 pulse supply to TCR
C    Rule Book p. 6B-1
11TRSA  CATAB       100.   35.0                                 FIAB1          1
11ANOAB TRSA        100.   35.0                                 FIAB2          1
11TRSB  CATBC       100.   35.0                                 FIBC1          1
11ANOBC TRSB        100.   35.0                                 FIBC2          1
11TRSC  CATCA       100.   35.0                                 FICA1          1
11ANOCA TRSC        100.   35.0                                 FICA2          1
C
BLANK    end of switch data
C
C    AC sources
C    230 kV  supply
14GENA       187794.       60.        0.                           -1.
14GENB       187794.       60.      240.                           -1.
14GENC       187794.       60.      120.                           -1.
C --------------+------------------------------
BLANK   end of source cards
C Output for steady-state phasor switch currents.
C      Node-K    Node-M            I-real            I-imag            I-magn          Degrees        Power            Reactive
C      RMXA      RMAB         -3.17345114E-01   -2.67576742E+00    2.69452022E+00     -96.7637    2.09775607E+04    3.61648260E+04
C      RMXB      RMBC         -2.12134217E+00    1.60058257E+00    2.65743432E+00     142.9649    2.09695693E+04    3.53656824E+04
C      RMXC      RMCA          2.43868728E+00    1.07518486E+00    2.66518633E+00      23.7920    2.09657040E+04    3.49791488E+04
C      TRXA      TRSA          1.76533509E+03   -7.18577071E+02    1.90598032E+03     -22.1487    2.86013546E+07   -7.52002129E+06
C      TRXB      TRSB         -1.72807188E+03   -1.23147874E+03    2.12197369E+03    -144.5251    3.19664433E+07   -7.48308730E+06
C      TRXC      TRSC         -3.72632074E+01    1.95005582E+03    1.95041181E+03      91.0947    2.95359580E+07   -4.27738942E+06
C      TRFA      TRPA          3.28283686E+02    4.77795448E+01    3.31742465E+02       8.2809    3.05772339E+07   -5.86201921E+06
C      TRFB      TRPB         -1.59252346E+02   -2.98767203E+02    3.38560410E+02    -118.0590    3.15136653E+07   -2.50950856E+06
C      TRFC      TRPC         -1.69031340E+02    2.50987658E+02    3.02599402E+02     123.9589    2.81393539E+07   -3.10623904E+06
C      TRSA      XLA               Open              Open   ....  Etc.  (all remaining switches)
C
C 1st gen:    GENA            187794.          187794.      328.28368576688  331.74246523436      .308248532425E8  .311496222581E8
C                                 0.0              0.0      47.779544776826        8.2808819      -.44863559159E7        0.9895739
  TRSA  TRFA  { Node voltage output requests
C   Step      Time      TRSA       TRFA       RMXA       RMXB       RMXC       TRSA       TRSB       TRSC       TRSA       ANOAB
C                                             RMAB       RMBC       RMCA       XLA        XLB        XLC        CATAB      TRSA
C
C                       TRSB       ANOBC      TRSC       ANOCA      TRSA       TRSA       RXAB       TRSA       MODELS     MODELS
C                       CATBC      TRSB       CATCA      TRSC       TF5        TF7        TRSB       RMXA       VRMSAB     VRMSBC
C
C                       MODELS     MODELS     MODELS     MODELS     MODELS     MODELS
C                       VRMSCA     VLLAVG     ERROR      DVQ        FDB        VERR
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -3.1734511E-01                     Switch  "RMXA  "  to  "RMAB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -2.1213422E+00                     Switch  "RMXB  "  to  "RMBC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  2.4386873E+00                     Switch  "RMXC  "  to  "RMCA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  1.7653351E+03                     Switch  "TRXA  "  to  "TRSA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.7280719E+03                     Switch  "TRXB  "  to  "TRSB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -3.7263207E+01                     Switch  "TRXC  "  to  "TRSC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) =  3.2828369E+02                     Switch  "TRFA  "  to  "TRPA  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.5925235E+02                     Switch  "TRFB  "  to  "TRPB  "  closed in the steady-state.
C ***      Phasor I(0) = -1.6903134E+02                     Switch  "TRFC  "  to  "TRPC  "  closed in the steady-state.
C      %%%%%   Floating subnetwork found!   %%%%%%  %%%%%%  %%%%%%  %%%%%%
C      %%%%%  The elimination of row  "NSR   "  of nodal admittance matrix [Y] has produced a near-zero diagonal value  Ykk =
C             0.00000000E+00   just prior to reciprocation.  The acceptable minimum is  ACHECK = 7.63336829E-12   (equal to EPSILN
C             times the starting Ykk).   This node shall now to shorted to ground with  1/Ykk = FLTINF.
C      0       0.0  24822.5855 187511.212 -.31734511 -2.1213422 2.43868728        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C                          0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 326.187397 29.5320244 .821163836 -2.7560324 .081656838 .049551491
C                   .032105347        .85 -.06597164 -.20205709 -.08402836       -.15
C      1 .46296E-4  25143.8244 187629.636 -.27059939 -2.1489524 2.41955179        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C                          0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0 318.550308 25.5246044 .751598004 -2.6901512  .11560122 .069281865
C                   .046333037        .85 .007233288 -.37886586 -.15723329       -.15
C      2 .92593E-4  25457.4046 187690.907 -.22377124 -2.1759081 2.39967932        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C                          0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  310.81619 21.5094097 .681803238 -2.6234506 .141715842 .083875142
C                    .05788498        .85 -.00219819 -.35764251 -.14780181       -.15
BLANK  end of output requests
C   2160     0.1  25442.1108 187482.902 -.29572787 -2.0263455 2.32207338        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
C                        0.0 446.298599 628.655556        0.0 345.907577 19.1485236 1.55331048 -2.6178013 1.04264625 1.03011633
C                 1.03191977 1.03479063 .001835206 .694094165 .032955423 .034790629
C Variable max :  32517.4234 188770.564 2.64330646 2.62732109 2.77231282        0.0        0.0        0.0 1348.22398 803.124119
C                 642.762722 650.617284 745.361533 2455.49747 704.329689 384.313276 1348.22403  4.4384447 1.11468111 1.09242273
C                 1.09954303 1.10117116 .007233288 .694094165 .100809554 .101171165
C Times of max :  .018842593 .033425926 .021018519 .026759259 .032268519        0.0        0.0        0.0 .004490741     .09625
C                 .093333333       .085 .099027778 .007083333 .097222222 .013101852 .004490741 .022453704 .034768519 .037407407
C                 .035046296 .034861111 .462963E-4        0.1 .034907407 .034861111
  PRINTER PLOT
 193.01 0.0 .10         MODELSDVQ                    { Limits:  (-7.141,  6.930)
BLANK   end of plot requests
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
BLANK 
EOF

     10 June 2002,  WSM adds output to the screen in case of  DISK  use.
Without any  EATS,  this is simple as should be illustrated in the October
(or later) newsletter.  But with EATS, there are variations depending upon:
1) the subcase number;  and  2) whether  NEW LIST SIZES (NLS)  is being
used.  The subject is mentioned here because the preceding data _does_
involve NLS.  So,  if  EATS  is requested from STARTUP (FLZERO < 0),
expect the following new output to the screen:
  ----  Begin EATS for subcase number  KNTSUB = 1
  ----  Begin EATS for subcase number  KNTSUB = 2
  ----  Begin EATS for subcase number  KNTSUB = 3
  ----  Begin next subcase number  KNTSUB = 4
  ----  Begin next subcase number  KNTSUB = 5
The  NLS  requests in the 4th and 5th subcases conflict with EATS,
and  NLS  takes precedence.