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+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+C BENCHMARK DC-48
+C Demonstration of random switch opening: A Monte Carlo ("STATISTICS") study
+C only with random opening rather than the more common closing. The network
+C is purely resistive by design, in order that switch current is known to
+C have a current zero at 0.625 seconds. There are 3 parallel, independent
+C networks radially branched off of generator GEN to nodes LOAD, LOAD1,
+C and LOAD2. All 3 involve statistical opening. If a switch opens early
+C (before .625 sec), then negative peak of -100 at t = 3/4 will be kept
+C for extrema. If not (nearly half the time, since the mean of the switches
+C shorting LOAD, LOAD1, and LOAD2 to ground is t = 0.6, which is very
+C close to the current zero), the opening is delayed until t = .875, and
+C then the peak is +30.9 at the end time t = 0.9 seconds. Why? This is
+C because frequency equal to 2 Hz and use of BEGIN PEAK VALUE SEARCH at
+C 0.525 means that we ignore the positive peak at 0.5 sec, and we never
+C make the next one at 1.0 sec since TMAX = 0.9 sec. The negative peak
+C at 0.750 sec is seen only for the early opening at 0.625 sec. As for the
+C randomness, we have mixed random closing and opening as an illustration
+C of this new capability that first worked on 9 July 1987. All the actual
+C switchings of interest (three) use opening, whereas the reference switch
+C (one of two components of the opening time) uses random closing. Because
+C of use of built-in random numbers (data value XMAXMX is negative), all
+C computers should produce identical results. Confirmation of the actual
+C opening times can be deduced from the resultant peak voltage:
+C 1) For opening at 0.63 sec, source voltage appears at this time, and it
+C lasts through the end of the simulation. The negative peak occurs
+C at time 0.75 sec, and this shows up in the printout (the extrema
+C will have a value of -100.0 volts).
+C 2) For opening at 0.875 sec, source voltage appears at this time, and
+C only last through the positive rise toward the peak at 1.0 sec. But
+C this rise is prematurely ended at time TMAX = 0.90 sec, when the
+C voltage is 30.901699 volts, and this will be the extrema.
+C Not all computers require that variable NSEED of columns 73-80 of the
+C STATISTICS miscellaneous data card be punched, meaning use of the fixed
+C seed. But Apollo does require this, since built-in random numbers are no
+C different than installation-dependent ones: the VAX-11 algorithm is used.
+PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 18, 3, { Extra precision and separation for 3 variables
+CHANGE PRINTOUT FREQUENCY
+ 5 5
+BEGIN PEAK VALUE SEARCH, 0.525, { Ignore 1st cycle, which has time less than 1/2
+ .01 .90
+ 1 1 0 0 1 1 5
+C ISW ITEST IDIST IMAX IDICE KSTOUT NSEED
+ 1 1 0 0 1 1
+ GEN LOAD 1.0 { 1st of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ GEN LOAD1 1.0 { 2nd of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ GEN LOAD2 1.0 { 3rd of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ DUMY 1.0 { Connect independent Monte Carlo switch node
+BLANK card ending branch cards
+ DUMY .40 .06 STATISTICS { Reference
+C Preceding switch does nothing for network; but it is referenced by the two
+C dependent switches of LOAD1 and LOAD2. Following LOAD is independent:
+ LOAD .60 0.10 3333.STATISTICS { Independent
+ LOAD1 .20 0.08 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+C Mustafa's STAT*.DAT within \TEPCO introduces current margin Ie to open:
+C < n 1>< n 2>< Tclose ><Top/Tde >< Ie ><Vf/CLOP >< type >
+C GEN LOAD .0051 .0028868 3. 3333.STATISTICS 1
+C Make a comparable addition here, to the LOAD2 switch:
+C LOAD2 .20 0.08 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+C LOAD2 .20 0.08 40. 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+ LOAD2 .20 0.08 45. 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+C The preceding Ie = 40 advanced the LOAD2 switch-opening time slightly:
+C With zero or blank: Open switch "LOAD2 " to " " after 6.30000000E-01 sec.
+C With Ie = 40 amps : Open switch "LOAD2 " to " " after 6.00000000E-01 sec.
+C But this was just base case output. Extrema were not affected. Adding five
+C amps (40 becomes 45) affected the extrema, so data is left this way.
+BLANK card terminating switch cards
+14GEN 100. 2.0 -1.
+BLANK card terminating sources
+ LOAD LOAD1 LOAD2 GEN
+C Step Time LOAD LOAD1 LOAD2 GEN
+C
+C *** Phasor I(0) = 1.0000000E+02 Switch "LOAD " to " " closed
+C *** Phasor I(0) = 1.0000000E+02 Switch "LOAD1 " to " " closed
+C *** Phasor I(0) = 1.0000000E+02 Switch "LOAD2 " to " " closed
+C 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.
+C 1 .01 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.211470131448
+C 2 .02 0.0 0.0 0.0 96.858316112863
+BLANK card ending requests for program outputs (just node voltages, here)
+C *** Open switch "LOAD2 " to " " after 6.00000000E-01 sec.
+C 60 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.901699437494
+C *** Open switch "LOAD " to " " after 6.30000000E-01 sec.
+C *** Open switch "LOAD1 " to " " after 6.30000000E-01 sec.
+C 65 .65 -30.9016994375 -30.9016994375 -30.9016994375 -30.9016994375
+C 70 0.7 -80.9016994375 -80.9016994375 -80.9016994375 -80.9016994375
+C 75 .75 -100. -100. -100. -100.
+C 80 0.8 -80.90169943749 -80.90169943749 -80.90169943749 -80.90169943749
+C 85 .85 -30.90169943749 -30.90169943749 -30.90169943749 -30.90169943749
+C 90 0.9 30.901699437495 30.901699437495 30.901699437495 30.901699437495
+C Variable maxima: 30.901699437495 30.901699437495 30.901699437495 92.977648588825
+C Times of maxima: 0.9 0.9 0.9 .53
+C Variable minima: -100. -100. -100. -100.
+C Times of minima: .75 .75 .75 .75
+ PRINTER PLOT
+BLANK card ending non-existent plot cards for the base case
+C The following documents extrema for the 3rd shot as found on 22 March 2007:
+C Random switching times for energization number 3 :
+C 1 3.3795450E-01 2 4.3170384E-01 3 6.2506590E-01 4 6.5220506E-01
+C -100. -100. -100. -100.
+C Times of maxima : .75 .75 .75 .75
+C This is using Ie = 45 amps. Using an older version of ATP with this new
+C data should produce the following different and wrong answer:
+C -100. -100. 30.901699437495 -100.
+C Times of maxima : .75 .75 0.9 .75
+C How old? A month or more. The wrong answer corresponds to use of the
+C current margin Ie = 0 with either the old or the new program. As
+C pointed out by Prof. Mustafa Kizilcay about a month ago using other data,
+C ATP seemed to be ignoring current margin for the 2nd and later shots. In
+C response, WSM proposed avoidance by making TENERG of STARTUP negative
+C (simply append a minus sign). This was prior to correction of code, of
+C course. That 3rd output variable is the voltage at node LOAD2 ---
+C the node of the switch that has current chopping.
+STATISTICS DATA 1.0500001 0.0
+ LOAD
+ LOAD1
+ LOAD2
+C Note about change to preceding. The LOAD2 tabulation continues to span
+C compartments 7-20. However, compartment 7 used to have 2 but now it has
+C only one energization. Where did one of them move? To final compartment
+C 20 which increased from 3 to 4. The change of summary statistics is big:
+C Old solution : Mean = 7.15001430E-01 ... Variance = 1.26750507E-01
+C New solution : Mean = 8.45001690E-01 ... Variance = 8.45003380E-02
+C This is for "Grouped data." The "Ungrouped data" are comparable.
+C Add "FIND" usage with "DISK" output to demonstrate that Ie of the LOAD2
+C switch is not erased on 17 March 2007. Prior to correction of DICTAB,
+C this was the case according to a trouble report from Orlando Hevia.
+FIND { Enter interactive search for which shot and which variable gave extremum
+ LOAD LOAD1 { Search these 3 node voltages for extremum
+EXCLUDE { Repeat the preceding search after 1st excluding the just-found shot
+DISK /LIST /FULL { Create disk file of data for deterministic simulation of EXCLUDEd shot
+QUIT { Done locating extrema, so exit the "FIND" alternative
+C Historical note. Upon learning that we had corrected Ie treatment for Prof.
+C Mustafa Kizilcay, Orlando Hevia reminded the workers in Portland that he had
+C submitted a comparable complaint earlier. In his mail archive, he found a
+C message to BPA having time stamp Fri, 28 Jan 2005 17:37:39 -0300. Without
+C doubt, Orlando's complaint was the same, fundamentally. Why it was not
+C handled at the time remains unclear. In that an additional problem with
+C DISK output was noted, Orlando's complaint was more complete. How did
+C Orlando first note the phenomenon? He explained : "The first users that
+C discovered a problem with Ie and 3333 switches are a couple from Uruguay .."
+BLANK card ending requests for statistical tabulation
+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+C 2nd of 5 subcases verify that STATISTICS (Monte Carlo) can involve TACS.
+C The data comes from BPA's Dan Goldsworthy. Between August of 1993 and
+C May ?? of 1994 (see the July, 1994, newsletter), this was not possible.
+C Data is not at all realistic. TMAX is artificially small, etc..
+LINEAR BIAS USAGE { Reference angle will vary linearly rather than randomly
+PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 11, 1, { Restore default precision for dt-loop columns
+C $STARTUP, dc37star.dat { Use disk file for re-initialization at this point
+C This is a Monte Carlo case, for which TENERG is critical. But this
+C parameter is initialized only in the STARTUP file. For this 2nd or
+C later data case, we reinitialize via the preceding $STARTUP request
+CHANGE PRINTOUT FREQUENCY
+ 5 5 20 20
+ .000100 .020 60. 0.0
+ 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
+ 1 2 1 1
+TACS HYBRID CASE
+90PCBA
+90A1
+88PS5A = ABS(PCBA - A1)
+93STATA
+88PS2A 58+PLUS1 1000. 0.0 1.0 STATA
+88PS4A 56+PS2A 1.
+ -1.0 480.
+ 0.0 480.
+ 8.0 0.0
+ 1000.0 0.0
+ 9999.
+88PS6A = (PS5A - PS4A) .AND. STATA
+88CLSA 62+PLUS1 PS6A
+33PS5A PS2A PS4A PS6A
+33STATA
+33CLSA
+BLANK CARD ENDING TACS DATA CASE
+ SENDA PCBA 10.0 5.0
+ A1 10.0 15.
+ DUMMY 1.
+ STATA 1.
+BLANK CARD ENDING BRANCH CARDS
+ DUMMY .001 .000001 STATISTICS 0
+76STATA .005 .0015 STATISTICSDUMMY 0
+13PCBA A1 CLSA 13
+BLANK CARD ENDING SWITCH CARDS
+14SENDA 188.0 60. 0.0 -1.
+BLANK CARD ENDING SOURCES
+ PCBA A1
+C Step Time PCBA PCBA A1 PCBA TACS
+C A1 A1 PS5A
+C 0 0.0 188. 188. 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C 1 .1E-3 187.866421 187.866421 0.0 0.0 187.866421
+C 2 .2E-3 187.465873 187.465873 0.0 0.0 187.465873
+C 3 .3E-3 186.798926 186.798926 0.0 0.0 186.798926
+BLANK CARD ENDs NODE VOLTAGE OUTPUTS
+C 120 .012 -35.227687 -35.227687 0.0 0.0 35.2276871
+C Switch "PCBA " to "A1 " closing after 1.32000000E-02 sec.
+C 140 .014 0.0 70.7309673 70.7309673 .964122164 0.0
+C 160 .016 0.0 113.976248 113.976248 4.51879549 0.0
+C 180 .018 0.0 88.9755078 88.9755078 6.91674682 0.0
+C 200 .02 0.0 12.7036093 12.7036093 6.17355737 0.0
+C Variable maxima : 188. 188. 114.548243 7.06193095 187.985156
+C Times of maxima : 0.0 0.0 .0163 .0186 .0083
+C Variable minima : -187.98516 -187.98516 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C Times of minima : .0083 .0083 0.0 0.0 0.0
+BLANK CARD ending plot
+C Random switching times for energization number 1 :
+C 1 6.5564603E-03 2 9.7966634E-03
+C ==== Table dumping for all subsequent restorations. Time [sec] = 9.0000000E-4
+C Switch "PCBA " to "A1 " closing after 1.52000000E-02 sec.
+C 120. 188. 188. 125.885042 6.21833213 187.985156 10.25 480.
+C Times of maxima : 0.0 0.0 .016 .0189 .0083 .02 .1E-3
+C
+C MAIN20 dumps OVER12 dice seed SEEDSV = 5.7295779513082323E+01
+C Statistical distribution of peak voltage at node "A1 ". The base voltag
+C Interval voltage voltage in Frequency Cumulative
+C number in per unit physical units (density) frequency
+C 1 0.0500000 0.94165000E+01 2 2
+C 2 0.1000000 0.18833000E+02 0 2
+C < < Etc. (omit the zero rows) > >
+C 14 0.7000000 0.13183100E+03 1 3
+C Summary of preceding table follows: Grouped data Ungrouped data
+C Mean = 2.41666667E-01 2.22809327E-01
+C Variance = 1.40833333E-01 1.48931988E-01
+C Standard deviation = 3.75277675E-01 3.85917075E-01
+0 188.33 A1 { One and only request for statistical tabulation, of A1
+C Column positioning of "NO SWITCH PLOTS" on blank terminator is arbitrary:
+BLANK card ending statistical tabulation requests --- NO SWITCH PLOTS ---
+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+C 3rd of 5 subcases verify that STATISTICS (Monte Carlo) works with MODELS
+C The case is similar to subcase 2, with TACS section converted to a model
+C Data is not at all realistic. TMAX is artificially small, etc..
+LINEAR BIAS USAGE { Reference angle will vary linearly rather than randomly
+PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 11, 1, { Restore default precision for dt-loop columns
+CHANGE PRINTOUT FREQUENCY
+ 5 5 20 20
+ .000100 .020 60. 0.0
+ 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
+ 1 2 1 1
+MODELS
+INPUT pcba { v(PCBA) } -- voltage at node PCBA
+ a1 { v(A1) } -- voltage at node A1
+ stata { switch(STATA) } -- switch status at node STATA
+OUTPUT clsa -- used to contol switch PCBA-A1
+MODEL subcase3
+ INPUT dv -- voltage across controlled switch
+ sw_status -- switch status of type-76 switch
+ OUTPUT sw_control
+ VAR sw_control, dvi, ps2, ps4, ps6, ps2x, ps2i
+ FUNCTION ptlst POINTLIST (-1E6,480),(0,480),(8,0),(1E6,0)
+ INIT
+ sw_control :=0
+ histdef(ps6):=0
+ integral(ps2x):=0
+ histdef(ps2x) :=0
+ ENDINIT
+ EXEC
+ ps2x := sw_status * 1000
+ ps2 := integral(ps2x) -- corresponds to TACS type-58
+ ps4 := ptlst(ps2) -- corresponds to TACS type-56
+ ps6 := (dv-ps4) AND sw_status
+ IF ps6>0 AND prevval(ps6)<=0 THEN -- corresponds to TACS type-62
+ sw_control := 1
+ ENDIF
+ ENDEXEC
+ENDMODEL
+USE subcase3 AS sub
+ INPUT dv:=abs(pcba-a1) -- voltage across controlled switch
+ sw_status:=stata -- status of type-76 switch
+ OUTPUT clsa:=sw_control -- control signal to controlled switch
+ENDUSE
+RECORD sub.dv AS dv
+ sub.ps2 AS ps2
+ sub.ps4 AS ps4
+ sub.ps6 AS ps6
+ stata AS stata
+ clsa AS clsa
+ENDMODELS
+ SENDA PCBA 10.0 5.0
+ A1 10.0 15.
+ DUMMY 1.
+ STATA 1.
+BLANK CARD ENDING BRANCH CARDS
+ DUMMY .001 .000001 STATISTICS 0
+76STATA .005 .0015 STATISTICSDUMMY 0
+13PCBA A1 CLSA 13
+BLANK CARD ENDING SWITCH CARDS
+14SENDA 188.0 60. 0.0 -1.
+BLANK CARD ENDING SOURCES
+ PCBA A1
+C Step Time PCBA PCBA A1 PCBA TACS TACS TACS TACS TACS TACS
+C A1 A1 DV PS2 PS4 PS6 STATA CLSA
+C 0 0.0 188. 188. 0.0 0.0 188. 0.0 480. 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C 1 .1E-3 187.866421 187.866421 0.0 0.0 187.866421 0.0 480. 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C 2 .2E-3 187.465873 187.465873 0.0 0.0 187.465873 0.0 480. 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C 3 .3E-3 186.798926 186.798926 0.0 0.0 186.798926 0.0 480. 0.0 0.0 0.0
+BLANK CARD ENDs NODE VOLTAGE OUTPUTS
+C 120 .012 -35.227687 -35.227687 0.0 0.0 35.2276871 6.05 117. 0.0 1.0 0.0
+C Switch "PCBA " to "A1 " closing after 1.32000000E-02 sec.
+C 140 .014 0.0 70.7309673 70.7309673 .964122164 0.0 8.05 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0
+C 160 .016 0.0 113.976248 113.976248 4.51879549 0.0 10.05 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0
+C 180 .018 0.0 88.9755078 88.9755078 6.91674682 0.0 12.05 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0
+C 200 .02 0.0 12.7036093 12.7036093 6.17355737 0.0 14.05 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0
+C Variable maxima : 188. 188. 114.548243 7.06193095 188. 14.05 480. 1.0 1.0 1.0
+C Times of maxima : 0.0 0.0 .0163 .0186 0.0 .02 0.0 .0132 .006 .0132
+C Variable minima : -187.98516 -187.98516 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
+C Times of minima : .0083 .0083 0.0 0.0 .0133 0.0 .014 0.0 0.0 0.0
+BLANK CARD ending plot
+C Random switching times for energization number 1 :
+C 1 6.5564603E-03 2 9.7966634E-03
+C ==== Table dumping for all subsequent restorations. Time [sec] = 9.00000000E-04
+C Switch "PCBA " to "A1 " closing after 1.52000000E-02 sec.
+C 120. 188. 188. 125.885042 6.21833213 188. 10.25 480. 1.0 1.0 1.0
+C Times of maxima : 0.0 0.0 .016 .0189 0.0 .02 0.0 .0152 .0098 .0152
+C
+C MAIN20 dumps OVER12 dice seed SEEDSV = 5.7295779513082323E+01
+C Statistical distribution of peak voltage at node "A1 ". The base voltage for per unit printout is V-base = 1.88330000E+02
+C Interval voltage voltage in Frequency Cumulative Per cent
+C number in per unit physical units (density) frequency .GE. current value
+C 1 0.0500000 0.94165000E+01 2 2 33.333333
+C 2 0.1000000 0.18833000E+02 0 2 33.333333
+C < < Etc. (omit the zero rows) > >
+C 14 0.7000000 0.13183100E+03 1 3 0.000000
+C Summary of preceding table follows: Grouped data Ungrouped data
+C Mean = 2.41666667E-01 2.22809327E-01
+C Variance = 1.40833333E-01 1.48931988E-01
+C Standard deviation = 3.75277675E-01 3.85917075E-01
+C
+0 188.33 A1 { One and only request for statistical tabulation, of A1
+BLANK card ending statistical tabulation requests --- NO SWITCH PLOTS ---
+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+C 4th of 5 subcases is unrelated to other subcases other than that it
+C involves Monte Carlo simulation. It is added 27 November 2002 to
+C demonstrate that KIZILCAY F-DEPENDENT (KFD) modeling is compatible
+C with STATISTICS (and/or SYSTEMATIC or START AGAIN, although only
+C STATISTICS is demonstrated). As first reported by Ricardo Tenorio of
+C ABB in Vasteras, Sweden, there was incompatibility (execution would
+C hang after the 1st energization had begun) prior to correction on
+C 16 November 2002. Ricardo's initial complaint was about minimum dT (see
+C the January, 2003, newsletter), but shortly thereafter, privately, he
+C reported inability to use STATISTICS switches with KFD data. The data
+C used here is the same as will be found in the 7th subcase of DC-23.
+C Step size dT is plenty big, so there is no question of instability
+C caused by roundoff error. A switch has been added in series with the
+C voltage source, and the associated mean and standard deviation are
+C arbitrarily chosen to give a nice distribution of 4 energizations.
+C Finally, the sinusoidal source has been restored to 60 Hz (in DC-23,
+C 50 Hz was used in order that the period be a rounder number), and the
+C angle has been rotated so the voltage upon closure is small. I.e.,
+C the closures are artificially soft, intentionally, so the base case
+C plot has no big spike at 4 msec.
+PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 13, 2, { Request maximum precision (for 8 output columns)
+ .000100 .040
+ 5 1 1 0 1 -1 4
+C ISW ITEST IDIST IMAX IDICE KSTOUT NSEED
+ 1 1 0 0 1 { KSTOUT is blank, not 0! } 0
+ 60 20 100 100
+ ELEM 99. 1
+C PUNCH-OUT FILE GENERATED BY ARMAFIT (NODA SETUP)
+KIZILCAY F-DEPENDENT 6 1.00000E+000 S
+ 2.55564999999999990E-002 1.00000000000000000E+000
+ 2.58174256593059220E-006 1.26190169827623520E-003
+ 3.44528114161255420E-008 6.56757488674167030E-007
+ 2.16578732571550020E-012 6.22037676357393080E-010
+ 7.77318622992575270E-015 1.10717058895704090E-013
+ 2.25856143523397890E-019 5.18376352266273340E-017
+ 3.19918022205034290E-022 4.41171918010679540E-021
+BLANK card ending branch cards
+ GEN ELEM .004 .001 STATISTICS 1
+C Preceding column-80 punch really is not needed. It was added simply to
+C demonstrate that current output of the KFD branches agrees with it.
+BLANK card ending switch cards (none)
+14GEN 187794.214 60. 20. -1.
+BLANK card ending source cards
+ GEN
+C First 1 output variables are electric-network voltage differences (upper voltage minus lower voltage);
+C Next 2 output variables are branch currents (flowing from the upper node to the lower node);
+C Step Time GEN GEN ELEM
+C ELEM TERRA
+C 0 0.0 176468.8371 0.0 0.0
+C 5 .5E-3 161307.6987 0.0 0.0
+C 10 .1E-2 140432.1546 0.0 0.0
+C 15 .0015 114581.7315 0.0 0.0
+C 20 .002 84672.19336 0.0 0.0
+C 25 .0025 51763.10058 0.0 0.0
+C 30 .003 17020.27416 0.0 0.0
+C 35 .0035 -18325.504 0.0 0.0
+C 40 .004 -53022.092 0.0 0.0
+C *** Close switch "GEN " to "ELEM " after 4.10000000E-03 sec.
+C 45 .0045 -85840.3459 -1534.79533 -1534.79533
+C 50 .005 -115617.663 -2541.85468 -2541.85468
+BLANK card ending node voltage output requests
+ CALCOMP PLOT
+C 400 .04 -180519.385 -3271.23717 -3271.23717
+C Variable maxima : 187793.4818 4132.085734 4132.085734
+C Times of maxima : .0324 .0344 .0344
+C Variable minima : -187793.482 -5009.38242 -5009.38242
+C Times of minima : .0074 .0089 .0089
+C <Beg<End<Min>Max>Name1 Name2 Name3 Name4 16-byte title Y-axis label
+ 194 4. 0.0 40.-6.E34.E3ELEM dT = 100 usec H(s) current
+BLANK card ending base-case plot cards
+-2 4000. ELEM { -2 ==> tatistical tabulation of branch current
+C The preceding base current of 4K amps is close to the peak value of the
+C base-case (no-variance) solution. It results in per unit values of a
+C little more than 1. Using default compartment size of .05, this results
+C in reasonable compartment numbers, and a pleasing dispersion of results:
+C Statistical distribution of peak current for branch "ELEM " to " ". Base current for per unit output = 4.00000000E+03
+C Interval current current in Frequency Cumulative Per cent
+C number in per unit physical units (density) frequency .GE. current value
+C 22 1.1000000 4.40000000E+03 0 0 100.000000
+C 23 1.1500000 4.60000000E+03 1 1 75.000000
+C 24 1.2000000 4.80000000E+03 0 1 75.000000
+C 25 1.2500000 5.00000000E+03 1 2 50.000000
+C 26 1.3000000 5.20000000E+03 0 2 50.000000
+C 27 1.3500000 5.40000000E+03 1 3 25.000000
+C 28 1.4000000 5.60000000E+03 1 4 .000000
+C Summary of preceding table follows: Grouped data Ungrouped data
+C Mean = 1.26250000E+00 1.26057789E+00
+C Variance = 1.22916667E-02 1.35490825E-02
+C Standard deviation = 1.10867789E-01 1.16400526E-01
+BLANK card ending statistical tabulation requests
+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+C 5th of 5 subcases is a modified version of the 1st. The FIND command
+C is added as earlier illustrated in DC-24. That already illustrates the
+C use of DISK to create deterministic data SHOT*.DAT corresponding to
+C an EXCLUDE-d shot. But what DC-24 does not illustrate is RESIMULATE
+C to simulate the just-created data. Also missing was random opening and
+C use of the optional /MEMSAV switch. So, provide these here. This
+C data subset is added 6 October 2002. Until 27 November 2002, it was
+C the 4th subcase. Note it always must be last.
+PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH, 18, 3, { Extra precision and separation for 3 variables
+CHANGE PRINTOUT FREQUENCY
+ 5 5
+BEGIN PEAK VALUE SEARCH, 0.525, { Ignore 1st cycle, which has time less than 1/2
+ .01 .90
+C MEMSAV Note value 0 is keyed
+ 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2
+C ISW ITEST IDIST IMAX IDICE KSTOUT NSEED
+ 1 1 0 0 1 1
+ GEN LOAD 1.0 { 1st of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ GEN LOAD1 1.0 { 2nd of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ GEN LOAD2 1.0 { 3rd of 3 identical resistors hung from source
+ DUMY 1.0 { Connect independent Monte Carlo switch node
+BLANK card ending branch cards
+ DUMY .40 .06 STATISTICS { Reference
+C Preceding switch does nothing for network; but it is referenced by the two
+C dependent switches of LOAD1 and LOAD2. Following LOAD is independent:
+ LOAD .60 0.10 3333.STATISTICS { Independent
+ LOAD1 .20 0.08 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+ LOAD2 .20 0.08 3333.STATISTICSDUMY { Dependent
+BLANK card terminating switch cards
+14GEN 100. 2.0 -1.
+BLANK card terminating sources
+ LOAD LOAD1 LOAD2 GEN
+BLANK card ending requests for program outputs (just node voltages, here)
+ PRINTER PLOT
+$CLOSE, UNIT=4 STATUS=KEEP { Disconnect base-case .PL4 file for TPPLOT use
+$OPEN, UNIT=4 STATUS=C-like FILE=dummy.pl4 ! { Connect C-like scratch file
+BLANK card ending non-existent plot cards for the base case
+STATISTICS DATA 1.0500001 0.0
+ LOAD
+FIND { Enter interactive search for which shot and which variable gave extremum
+C Normally the user does not know which shot he wants, so he first will use
+C EXCLUDE to find the worst transients, and then he wants data for this.
+C See DC-24 for this technique. But it also is possible for the user manually
+C to name the shot of interest. This is what is done here:
+C EXCLUDE { Repeat the preceding search after 1st excluding the just-found shot
+C < Shot # Cols 25-32 are I8 data for shot # of interest
+DISK /LIST /MEMSAV 1 { Create determinstic disk file for shot # 1
+RESIMULATE { Abort this data case. Begin with SHOT0001.DAT just created by DISK
+C Any data card following RESIMULATE should be ignored. So, this is a good
+C place to add miscellaneous comments. Begin these with mention of /OPEN
+C --- another flag of the DISK subcommand that is not being illustrated.
+C Because there is no /OPEN qualifier, $OPEN and $CLOSE cards will be
+C converted to comment cards. If /OPEN were added, they would be passed
+C through without modification. Another unused feature is /FULL (see DC-24
+C for an illustration). Lack of /FULL means that switch times will be
+C optimally encoded but with a leading blank byte. This provides separation
+C from what precedes the number. Yes, one digit is being given up, but it is
+C highly unlikely that this will make any difference, considering the DELTAT
+C discretization of use. Use of /MEMSAV has no practical effect in this
+C case because the value keyed on the integer miscellaneous data card is zero.
+C This is deliberate. Normally, the field would be left blank, but if this
+C were the case, one could not be sure that the /MEMSAV flag was working.
+C The user will note that the zero is passed through, demonstrating opeation.
+C A final item: For the record, request cards that always are destroyed
+C (missing in the DISK output) are:
+C OMIT BASE CASE LINEAR BIAS USAGE
+C TRULY RANDOM NUMBERS MODELS PROCESSES EXTREMA
+C REPEATABLE RANDOM NUMBERS USER SUPPLIED SWITCH TIMES
+C RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR SEED
+C 30 December 2003, add /CYCLE qualifier to continue to have T-open = 0.0
+C As Orlando Hevia observed in E-mail of that day, this normally is not the
+C engineering choice. Normally, a switch that closes should remain closed,
+C and DICTAB is being modified to do this. T-close = 1.E+9 will be seen on
+C the modified switch card. To restore 0.0, add /CYCLE (which will allow
+C the switch to cycle open again (the status at time zero).
+BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
+BLANK